2000—2024年山东省审定大豆品种主要性状的演变趋势研究  

Study on Evolution Trend of Main Traits of Approved Soybean Varieties in Shandong Province from 2000 to 2024

作　　者：张锋 高法振 张中起 李昆仑 吕令华 刘磊 李品 王连祥 ZHANG Feng;GAO Fazhen;ZHANG Zhongqi;LI Kunlun;LYU Linghua;LIU Lei;LI Pin;WANG Lianxiang(Jinan Vocational College of Nursing,Jinan,Shandong 250000;Heze Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Heze,Shandong 274000,China)

机构地区：[1]济南护理职业学院,山东济南250000 [2]菏泽市农业科学院,山东菏泽274000

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2025年第3期55-66,共12页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省中医药科技发展计划项目(2019-0585);山东省蔬菜产业技术体系“菏泽综合试验站”(SDAIT-05-26);山东省生态农业技术体系“菏泽综合试验站”(SDAIT-30-13)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明山东省近年审定大豆品种主要性状的演变规律,为高产、优质和抗逆大豆新品种的培育及大豆种业高质量发展提供参考。【方法】以2000—2024年山东省审定大豆品种为研究对象,分析不同年代间大豆品种亲本利用、农艺性状、产量、品质及抗病性的演变过程。【结果】2000—2024年山东省审定的普通粒用大豆品种共122个,品种数量变化呈先平稳后大幅上升趋势。育种方法逐渐趋于单一化(杂交育种),育种主体从科研院所向民营企业和科研院所转变。齐黄34、中黄13和菏豆12号是山东省大豆育种较为优良的亲本。2000—2024年山东省审定大豆品种的生育期95.0~109.0 d,株高56.4~110 cm,有效分枝0.7~3.6个,主茎节数12.1~20.1节,单株粒数52.0~128.0粒,百粒重15.7~30.3 g;大豆品种选育过程中有效分枝和主茎节数逐渐平稳,株高降低,而生育期、单株粒数和百粒重逐渐增加;大豆区域试验产量2574.0~3982.5 kg/hm^(2),生产试验产量2507.4~3783.0 kg/hm^(2),产量不断提升;大豆蛋白质含量34.7%~47.3%,脂肪含量16.9%~23.1%,蛋白质含量不断提升,脂肪含量提升不明显;大豆中抗、高抗花叶病毒3和花叶病毒7的比例增加,感和中感的比例下降,整体对花叶病毒抗性提升。【结论】2000—2024年山东省审定大豆品种的产量和蛋白质含量逐步提高,脂肪含量未明显提升。今后需加强高油大豆种质资源的利用,加快高油大豆品种选育,以保障山东乃至我国大豆种业和产业安全发展。【Objective】The evolution rules of main traits of soybean varieties approved in Shandong Province were analyzed to provide the references for the cultivation of new soybean varieties with high yield,high quality and stress resistance and the high-quality development of soybean seed industry.【Method】The evolution process of parental utilization,main agronomic traits,yield,quality and disease resistance of soybean varieties approved in Shandong Province from 2000 to 2024 were analyzed.【Result】From 2000 to 2024,a total of 122 common grain soybean varieties were approved in Shandong Province,exhibiting a trend of initial stability followed by a surge in variety count.Breeding methods had increasingly become simplified,focusing on hybrid breeding,with the breeding subjects shifting from scientific research institutes to a combination of private enterprises and research institutions.Qihuang 34,Zhonghuang 13 and Hedou 12 were superior parental lines in soybean breeding in Shandong Province.During this period,the growth period of soybean varieties approved in Shandong Province ranged from 95.0 to 109.0 days,with a plant height of 56.4 to 110 cm,0.7 to 3.6 effective branches,12.1 to 20.1 main stem nodes,52.0 to 128.0 grains per plant,and a 100-seed weight of 15.7 to 30.3 g.Over the breeding process,the number of effective branches and main stem nodes stabilized gradually,while plant height decreased,and the growth period,grains per plant,and 100-seed weight gradually increased.The yield in soybean regional trials ranged from 2574.0 to 3982.5 kg/hm^(2),while the yield in production trials was from 2507.4 to 3783.0 kg/hm^(2),demonstrating a continuous increase in yield.The protein content of soybeans varied from 34.7%to 47.3%,while the fat content ranged from 16.9%to 23.1%.Notably,the protein content consistently increased,whereas the fat content showed minimal improvement.The proportion of soybeans exhibiting moderate resistance or high resistance to mosaic virus 3 and mosaic virus 7 increased,while those suscep

关 键 词：大豆 杂交育种 蛋白质 脂肪 产量 农艺性状 抗病性 山东 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]