微生物菌剂与无机有机肥配施对大蒜生长及产量的影响  

Effects of Combined Application of Microbial Agent and Inorganic-organic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Garlic

作　　者：李炎艳 张连成 贺维昭 温国昌 刘红耀[1] LI Yanyan;ZHANG Liancheng;HE Weizhao;WEN Guochang;LIU Hongyao(Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Handan,Hebei 056001,China)

机构地区：[1]邯郸市农业科学院,河北邯郸056001

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2025年第3期67-73,共7页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河北省“三三三”人才工程资助项目(A202003015);河北省农业创新驿站项目;葱蒜类蔬菜产业技术创新战略联盟项目。

摘　　要：【目的】探明微生物菌剂与无机有机肥配施对大蒜生长及产量的影响,为大蒜种植制定科学合理的高效施肥技术提供参考。【方法】以紫皮大蒜为试验材料,采用田间试验方法,研究常规施肥(CK)、常规施肥+商品有机肥(T1)、常规施肥+商品有机肥+微生物菌剂(T2)、75%常规施肥(T3)及减施化肥基础上增施有机肥和微生物菌剂[75%常规施肥+商品有机肥(T4)、75%常规施肥+商品有机肥+微生物菌剂(T5)]对大蒜生长及产量的影响。【结果】不同处理对大蒜生长及产量的影响存在差异。其中,T2大蒜返青期和蒜薹甩尾期的株高(71.20 cm和79.35 cm)、假茎粗(1.51 cm和1.69 cm)和地上部生物量(3739.95 kg/hm^(2)和4551.15 kg/hm^(2))均最大,农艺性状表现最优;蒜薹产量(6671.9 kg/hm^(2))、蒜头产量(28641.3 kg/hm^(2))及毛利润(121334.5元/hm^(2))均达最大,经济效益显著。T5大蒜返青期和蒜薹甩尾期的株高(65.11 cm和71.05 cm)、返青期假茎粗(1.39 cm)、蒜薹甩尾期地上部生物量(4007.25 kg/hm^(2))、蒜薹产量(5373.1 kg/hm^(2))、蒜头产量(24377.6 kg/hm^(2))及毛利润(100622.5元/hm^(2))均与CK差异不显著。而T4和T3大蒜的农艺性状较CK有不同程度变差,蒜薹产量、蒜头产量和毛利润分别较CK显著降低12.50%~19.55%、7.54%~12.50%和8.93%~14.59%。【结论】大蒜种植适当减少化肥施用量,同时配施有机肥和微生物菌剂(75%常规施肥+商品有机肥+微生物菌剂)可有效降低化肥施用量减少对大蒜生长及产量的影响,同时稳定毛利润,具有减肥增效效果。【Objective】The effects of combined application of microbial agent and inorganic-organic fertilizers on the growth and yield of garlic were explored to provide the references for formulating scientific and rational fertilization technology of garlic cultivation.【Method】The effects of conventional fertilization(CK),conventional fertilization+commercial organic fertilizer(T1),conventional fertilization+commercial organic fertilizer+microbial agent(T2),75%conventional fertilization(T3)and reduction of chemical fertilizer and application of organic fertilizer and microbial agent〔75%conventional fertilization+commercial organic fertilizer(T4),75%conventional fertilization+commercial organic fertilizer+microbial agent(T5)〕on the growth and yield of purple garlic were studied by field experiment.【Result】The effects of different treatments on the growth and yield of garlic were different.The plant height(71.20 cm and 79.35 cm),pseudostem diameter(1.51 cm and 1.69 cm)and above-ground biomass(3739.95 kg/hm^(2)and 4551.15 kg/hm^(2))of garlic treated with T2 at the green stage of garlic and tail-flick stage of garlic sprout were the highest,and the agronomic traits were the best.The garlic sprout yield,garlic bulbs yield and gross profit reached the maximum,respectively 6671.9 kg/hm^(2),28641.3 kg/hm^(2)and 121334.5 yuan/hm^(2),and the economic benefit was significant.The plant height(65.11 cm and 71.05 cm)at the green stage and tail-flick stage,pseudostem diameter(1.39 cm)at green stage,aboveground biomass(4007.25 kg/hm^(2))at tail-flick stage,garlic sprout yield(5373.1 kg/hm^(2)),garlic bulb yield(24377.6 kg/hm^(2))and gross profit(100622.5 yuan/hm^(2))of T5 were not significantly different from those of CK.The agronomic traits of garlic of T4 and T3 were worse than those of CK,and the garlic sprout yield,garlic bulb yield and gross profit were significantly lower than those of CK by 12.50%-19.55%,7.54%-12.50%and 8.93%-14.59%,respectively.【Conclusion】In garlic planting,the treatment of appropriate reduct

关 键 词：大蒜 紫皮大蒜 无机-有机肥 微生物菌剂 生长发育 产量 

分 类 号：S633.4[农业科学—蔬菜学]