石榴皮乙醇提取工艺优化及提取物抗柔嫩艾美耳球虫的效果  

Optimization of Extracting Ethanol from Pomegranate Peel and Effect of Extracts Against Eimeria tenella

作　　者：刘婧 王京龙[1,2] 高丽丽 张肖 卢永慧 张立华 LIU Jing;WANG Jinglong;GAO Lili;ZHANG Xiao;LU Yonghui;ZHANG Lihua(School of Pharmacy,Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jinan,Shandong 250300;College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering,Zaozhuang University,Zaozhuang,Shandong 277100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东中医药大学药学院,山东济南250300 [2]枣庄学院食品科学与制药工程学院,山东枣庄277100

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2025年第3期126-132,共7页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目“绿色高效智能肉鸡生产关键技术创新与加工应用示范”(2022TZXD0019)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明石榴皮乙醇提取物抗柔嫩艾美耳球虫的最优提取工艺,以及石榴皮不同溶剂提取物抗柔嫩艾美耳球虫的效果,为石榴皮提取物的应用及鸡球虫病的有效防治提供参考。【方法】以球虫孢子化率为指标,采取L9(34)正交试验设计法,考察提取溶剂乙醇浓度(30%、50%、70%)、提取时间(30 min、60 min、90 min)、提取温度(40℃、50℃、60℃)和物料比(g︰mL,1︰10、1︰15、1︰20)对提取工艺的影响,优选石榴皮抗柔嫩艾美耳球虫的乙醇最佳提取工艺;比较石榴皮不同溶剂提取物(水提取物、氯仿提取物、70%甲醇提取物、50%乙醇提取物)及市售抗球虫药物10%磺胺氯吡嗪钠对柔嫩艾美耳球虫的孢子化率,明确石榴皮各溶剂提取物的抗球虫效果。【结果】乙醇提取4个因素中,影响石榴皮提取物抗柔嫩艾美耳球虫效果的因素依次为乙醇浓度>物料比>提取时间>提取温度,乙醇最佳提取工艺参数为浓度50%、物料比1︰10、提取时间30 min、提取温度40℃,此工艺石榴皮提取物对柔嫩艾美耳球虫的孢子化率为70.12%。石榴皮4种溶剂提取物中,作用6 d内50%乙醇提取物抗柔嫩艾美耳球虫的平均孢子化率为51.35%,显著(P<0.05)优于其他溶剂提取物。【结论】石榴皮50%乙醇最佳提取工艺提取物对柔嫩艾美耳球虫的孢子化率为70.12%,作用6 d内抗球虫效果(平均孢子化率为51.35%)优于其他溶剂提取物(水提取物、氯仿提取物、70%甲醇提取物)及10%磺胺氯吡嗪钠(常用抗球虫药物)。【Objective】The optimal extraction process of ethanol from pomegranate peel against Eimeria tenella was studied,and the effects of extracts of different dissolvant from pomegranate peel on E.tenella were explored to provide reference for applying extracts from pomegranate peel and effectively controlling chicken coccidiosis.【Method】Taking the sporulation rate of E.tenella as the index,the effects of different concentration of ethanol(30%,50%,70%),extracting time(30 min,60 min,90 min),extracting temperature(40℃,50℃,60℃)and material ratio(g︰mL,1︰10,1︰15,1︰20)on the extracting process were studied by L9(34)orthogonal design test method,so that the optimal extraction process of ethanol from pomegranate peel against E.tenella was screened.And then the effect of extracts of different dissolvants(water extract,chloroform extract,70%methanol extract,50%ethanol extract)from pomegranate peel on E.tenella were compared,and the sporulation rate of the commercially available anti-coccidiosial drug,10%sulfachloropyrazine sodium,against E.tenella was studied to determine the anti-coccidiosial effect by extracts of different dissolvant from pomegranate peel.【Result】Among the four factors related to ethanol extraction,the factors influenced the effect of extracts from pomegranate peel on E.tenella showed as the concentration of ethanol>material ratio>extracting time>extracting temperature.The parameters for optimal extraction process of ethanol was the concentration of 50%,the material ratio of 1︰10,the extracting time of 30 min and extracting temperature of 40℃.Under these conditions,the average sporulation rate of extract from pomegranate peel against E.tenella was 70.12%.Among the extract of four dissolvants from pomegranate peel,the average sporulation rate of 50%ethanol extract against E.tenella for 6 days was 51.35%,which was significantly better than other extracts(P<0.05).【Conclusion】The average sporulation rate of 50%ethanol extracted from pomegranate peel to E.tenella is 70.12%,and when

关 键 词：石榴皮 柔嫩艾美耳球虫 提取工艺 正交试验 孢子化率 

分 类 号：S852.723[农业科学—基础兽医学]