《东坡先生翰墨尺牍》与《东坡先生外集》所收尺牍比较论--兼论茅维对二者的合编及不足  

A Comparative Study of the Letters Collected in DongPo’s Letters and DongPo's Supplementary Collection:Concurrent Discussion on Mao Wei's Compilation of the Two and Its Shortcomings

作　　者：江枰[1] 徐凌 JIANG Ping;XU Ling(School of Sociology and Humanities,Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics,Nanchang Jiangxi 330006,China)

机构地区：[1]江西财经大学社会与人文学院,江西南昌330006

出　　处：《乐山师范学院学报》2025年第3期26-33,共8页Journal of Leshan Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“苏轼散文研究史”(11CZW034)。

摘　　要：苏轼尺牍现存约1600首,其主体源于8卷本《东坡先生翰墨尺牍》和《东坡先生外集》的19卷小简。前者收155人808首,按人编列;后者收215人810首,编年为序。两者互见仅98人376首,差别甚大,应是编者各自独立并大致同时编成。《外集》搜集范围更广,体例更优,标题更准确,对书和尺牍的区分也更严谨。《翰墨尺牍》讹误较多,但有400余篇不见于《外集》,有些收信人的篇数大幅超过《外集》,且这些人往往地位更高或与苏轼关系更亲厚,如钱勰、程正辅等,其编者或与之有关。二书流传线索较少,又以《翰墨尺牍》为甚。晚明茅维以《翰墨尺牍》为主将二者合编,既丧失《外集》小简的编年价值,又沿袭《翰墨尺牍》的不少讹误。因此在考察苏轼尺牍时,应优先选择《外集》小简。Approximately 1,600 letters by Su Shi(also known as Dongpo)are extant,primarily sourced from the eightvolume DongPo’s Letters(DongPo-HanMoChiDu)and the 19-volume collection of brief letters in Dongpo's Supplementary Collection(DongPoWaiJi).The former contains 808 letters from 155 individuals,arranged by person,while the latter includes 810 letters from 215 individuals,organized chronologically.Only 376 letters from 98 individuals appear in both collections,indicating significant differences.It is likely that they were organized independently and roughly at the same time.Dongpo's Supplementary Collection boasts a broader scope of collection,a superior format,more precise titles,and a stricter distinction between books and letters.Although DongPo’s Letters contains more errors,it includes over 400 pieces not found in the Dongpo's Supplementary Collection.Some of the recipients’entries significantly exceed those in the Dongpo's Supplementary Collection and these individuals often hold higher status or have closer relationships with Su Shi,such as Qian Xie and Cheng Zhengfu,suggesting a possible connection between the compiler and these recipients.There are fewer clues about the transmission of the two books,with DongPo’s Letters being particularly prominent.In the late Ming dynasty,Mao Wei primarily used the DongPo’s Letters as the basis to combine the two works.Unfortunately,this approach sacrificed the chronological value of the brief letters from the Dongpo's Supplementary Collection and perpetuated some of the errors from the DongPo’s Letters.Therefore,when examining Su Shi’s letters,we should prioritize those found in the Dongpo's Supplementary Collection..

关 键 词：《东坡先生翰墨尺牍》 《东坡先生外集》小简 苏轼尺牍 茅维 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]