化肥减量配施生物有机肥对云当归产量与品质的影响  

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction and Combined Application of Bio-Organic Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Angelica sinensis from Yunnan

作　　者：杜彩艳[1] 蜂述先 李选宏 杨鹏 此主拉姆 彭慧娉 斯那央宗 DU Cai-yan;FENG Shu-xian;LI Xuan-hong;YANG Peng;Cizhulamu;PENG Hui-ping;Sinayangzong(Institute of Agricultural Environment&Resources,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Huanzi Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650205,China;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Weixi Lisu Autonomous County,Weixi 674600,China;Yunnan Baiyao Group Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所/云南环资农业科技发展有限公司,云南昆明650205 [2]维西傈僳族自治县农业农村局,云南维西674600 [3]云南白药集团股份有限公司,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《中药材》2024年第7期1619-1624,共6页Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials

基　　金：维西县乡村振兴涉农项目(ZD20210148);云南省科技创新强省计划项目(2014AE014);云南省科技厅“三区”科技人才支持计划项目(2023)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨生物有机肥对云当归成药栽培的影响。方法:采用双色膜覆盖开展云当归成药田间栽培试验,设置不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(NF)、单施化肥(C)、单施生物有机肥1号(BF_(1))、单施生物有机肥2号(BF_(2))、50%化肥+生物有机肥1号(50%C+BF_(1))、50%化肥+生物有机肥2号(50%C+BF_(2))7个处理,探讨不同施肥处理对土壤养分含量、云当归成药根农艺性状、产量和品质的影响。结果:施用生物有机肥处理的土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量较CK分别提高8.76%~12.83%、7.02%~10.69%、26.35%~88.25%和126.93%~219.01%;施用生物有机肥能提高云当归主根长、根粗、侧根数、单株鲜重及干重,显著提高云当归鲜、干药材产量(P<0.05),分别较CK增产35.17%~94.28%、29.53%~80.74%,其中,50%C+BF_(1)处理鲜、干产量最高,50%C+BF_(2)处理次之;施用生物有机肥可提高云当归药材挥发油、阿魏酸、多糖和醇溶性浸出物含量,降低总灰分含量,有效改善云当归药材品质。结论:综合土壤养分含量、云当归成药根农艺性状、产量和品质,该试验条件下,以50%C+BF_(1)处理效果最佳,能促进维西县云当归的高产优质。Objective:To explore effect of bio-organic fertilizer on medicinal cultivation of Angelica sinensis from Yunnan.Methods:A field cultivation experiment of Angelica sinensis from Yunnan was carried out with two-color film covering.7 treatments,including no fertilization(CK),conventional fertilization(NF),single application of chemical fertilizer(C),single application of biological organic fertilizer 1(BF_(1)),single application of biological organic fertilizer 2(BF_(2)),50%fertilizer with biological organic fertilizer 1(50%C+BF_(1)),50%fertilizer+biological organic fertilizer 2(50%C+BF_(2))were set up,the effects of different fertilization treatments on soil nu-trition,content,agronomic characters of roots of Angelica sinensis from Yunnan,yield and quality were explored.Results:Compared with CK,the contents of soil organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were increased by 8.76%~12.83%,7.02%~10.69%,26.35%~88.25%and 126.93%~219.01%,respectively.The application of bio-organic fertilizer could increase the main root length,root thickness,lateral root number,fresh and dry weight per plant,and significantly increase the fresh and dry crude drug yield of Angelica sinensis from Yunnan(P<0.05),respectively,by 35.17%~94.28%and 29.53%~80.74%compared with CK.Among them,fresh and dry yield of 50%C+BF_(1) treatment was the highest,followed by 50%C+BF_(2) treatment;The application of bio-organic fertilizer could increase the contents of volatile oil,ferulic acid,polysaccharide and ethanol-soluble extract,reduce the total ash content,and effectively improve the quality of Angelica sinensis from Yunnan.Conclusion:Considering the soil nutrition content,agronomic characters,yield,quality of Angelica sinensis roots from Yunnan,under the experimental conditions,50%C+BF_(1) treatment has the best effect,which can promote the high yield and high quality of Angelica sinensis in Weixi county.

关 键 词：生物有机肥 云当归 土壤养分 产量 品质 

分 类 号：R282.2[医药卫生—中药学]