水氮耦合对稻田氨挥发及水氮利用效率的影响  

Effects of Water-nitrogen Coupling on Ammonia Volatilization and Water-nitrogen Use Efficiency in Rice Fields

作　　者：吕茹笑 俞双恩[1] 张孟希[2] 丁继辉[1] 戴妍 LU Ru-xiao;YU Shuang-en;ZHANG Meng-xi;DING Ji-hui;DAI Yan(College of Agricultural Science and Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 211106,Jiangsu Province,China;Hunan Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Technology,Changsha 410131,Hunan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学农业科学与工程学院,江苏南京211106 [2]湖南水利水电职业技术学院,湖南长沙410131

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2025年第4期109-116,共8页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51879074)。

摘　　要：水稻过量施氮将增加田间氨挥发损失,加剧资源浪费和环境风险。为探究南方稻作区在较高施氮量下水氮耦合对稻田氨挥发和水氮利用效率的影响并探究适宜的稻田节水减排、减量施肥的水氮管理模式,开展了不同水氮耦合的田间定位观测试验。试验设置3种水分管理:浅湿灌排W1(浅湿灌溉+田间渗漏量5mm/d)、控制灌排W2(控制灌溉+田间渗漏量3mm/d)、控制灌排W3(控制灌溉+田间渗漏量5mm/d);2个施氮水平:N1(300kg/hm^(2))、N2(375kg/hm^(2)),其基肥、分蘖肥和穗肥的纯氮比为4∶3∶3,共6个水氮处理,研究不同水氮耦合对稻田氨挥发及水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明:施氮量和水分管理以及两者的交互作用均对稻季氨挥发损失率产生显著影响(P<0.05)。在水分管理相同的条件下,增施氮肥将显著增加稻季氨挥发损失率(1.54%~9.83%),在施氮水平相同的条件下,控制灌排较浅湿灌排显著降低了稻季氨挥发损失率(6.73%~31.86%)。各处理稻季氨挥发损失率42.22%~58.49%,其中W1N2处理损失率最高,为58.49%。较高施氮量下,增施氮肥对稻田增产效果不稳定,控制灌排较浅湿灌排对水稻的增产效应不显著。控制灌排较浅湿灌排能有效提高稻田的水氮利用效率,W3N1处理的水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力较高,分别为1.72 kg/m^(3)和34.01 kg/kg。综合比较下,W3N1处理能够有效降低稻田氨挥发损失并保障水稻高产,同时提升水氮利用率,在田间管理上具有较好的应用价值。Excessive nitrogen(N)application to rice will increase field ammonia volatilization losses,aggravating resource waste and environmental risks.In order to investigate the effects of water-nitrogen coupling on ammonia volatilization and water-nitrogen use efficiency in paddy fields at higher N application rates in southern rice cropping areas and to explore suitable water-nitrogen management models for water conservation,emission reduction and fertilizer reduction in paddy fields,the present experiments conducted a field-located observational experiment with different water-nitrogen couplings.The experiment was set up with three water management:shallow wet irrigation W1(conventional shallow wet irrigation+field leakage of 5mm/d),controlled irrigation W2(controlled irrigation+field leakage of 3mm/d),and controlled irrigation W3(controlled irrigation+field leakage of 5mm/d);and two levels of nitrogen application:N1(300 kg/hm^(2))and N2(375 kg/hm^(2)),with its base fertilizer,the pure N ratio of tiller fertilizer and spike fertilizer being 4∶3∶3,with a total of 6 water-N treatments,to study the effects of different water-N coupling on ammonia volatilization and water-N use efficiency in paddy fields.The results showed that both N application and water management,as well as their interaction,significantly(P<0.05)affected the ammonia volatilization loss rate in rice season.Under the same water management condition,increasing N fertilization would significantly increase the rate of rice season ammonia volatilization loss(1.54% to 9.83%),and under the same N application level,controlled irrigation significantly reduced the rate of rice season ammonia volatilization loss(6.73% to 31.86%)compared with shallow wet irrigation.Ammonia volatilization losses ranged from 42.22%to 58.49%in the rice season for all treatments,among which the W1N2 treatment had the highest loss rate of 58.49%.The water use efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer bias productivity in this experiment ranged from 1.36 to 1.78 kg·m^(-3) and 23.69 to 34.

关 键 词：水分管理 氮肥管理 稻田 氨挥发 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]