低山丘陵稻作区农田及末级沟道水质评价分析  

Evaluation and Analysis of Water Quality of Farmland and Final Ditch in Low Mountain and Hilly Rice-growing Area

作　　者：李涛[1] 陈剑 袁鹤龙 张状状 李江[1,3] 缴锡云[1,4] LI Tao;CHEN Jian;YUAN He-long;ZHANG Zhuang-zhuang;LI Jiang;JIAO Xi-yun(College of Agricultural Science and Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 211000,Jangsu Province,China;Wenzhou Water Conservancy Electric Power Survey and Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Wenzhou 325000,Zhejiang Province,China;State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention,Nanjing 210098,Jangsu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学农业科学与工程学院,江苏南京211100 [2]温州市水利电力勘测设计院有限公司,浙江温州325000 [3]农业水资源高效利用全国重点实验室(中国农业大学),北京100083 [4]水灾害防御全国重点实验室,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2025年第4期130-137,共8页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700803、D21YFD17008);农业水资源高效利用全国重点实验室开放研究基金项目资助(编号:SKLAWR-2024-10)。

摘　　要：稻田与末级沟道是农田面源污染发生的重要源头,沟道水质状况是影响稻田面源污染的直接因素。研究选取位于江苏省南京市江宁区的典型低山丘陵稻作区农田,于2022-2023年水稻生育期开展田面水和沟道水定期采样,分析田沟水质动态变化规律,采用单因子评价法与综合水质标识指数法对田沟水质进行全面分析。结果显示,水稻生育期内田沟水中TP浓度与COD浓度呈现出相反的变化趋势;田面水TN与NH_(3)-N浓度呈现出两次升降的变化趋势,而沟道水中TN与NH_(3)-N浓度呈现出不同的变化趋势;分蘖期和拔节期水稻田沟水中的各项水质指标浓度均较高,此时污染风险较大。单因子水质评价结果显示,2022年和2023年田面水质超过Ⅳ类水质标准的比例为83.9%和88.0%,末级沟道水质评价超出Ⅳ类水质标准的比例为89.7%和76.9%。2022年和2023年田面水综合标识指数分别为3.4105~5.1415和4.7204~6.2424,沟道水综合标识指数为3.2105~4.7305和4.1104~5.7314,主要为Ⅲ至劣Ⅴ类水质。两种水质评价方法对比发现,单因子评价法可以明确不同生育期以及不同时间跨度的田沟水中主要的污染指标,综合水质标识指数法更适合对田沟水质进行细致的评价和划分。本研究对水稻格田及其末级沟道水质进行精确把控,研究结果可为合理制定稻田排水制度提供基础数据,为稻田面源污染精准防控提供科学依据。Paddy fields and final ditches are important sources of non-point source pollution in farmland,and the water quality of ditches is a direct factor affecting non-point source pollution in paddy fields.This study selected agricultural land situated in a typical low-hilly rice cultivation zone located in the Jiangning District of Nanjing City,Jiangsu Province.Throughout the 2022-2023 rice cultivation phase,both field surface water and ditch water samples were collected systematically to analyze the changing patterns in ditch water quality over time.The single factor evaluation method and comprehensive water quality identification index method were used to comprehensively analyze the ditch water quality.The findings of the study revealed a reverse pattern in Total Phosphorus(TP)and Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD)levels in ditch water throughout the entire rice cultivation period.Furthermore,the levels of Total Nitrogen(TN)and Ammonia Nitrogen(NH_(3)-N)in field water exhibited a dual-phase fluctuation pattern,in contrast to the concentrations of TN and NH_(3)-N in ditch water,which demonstrated varied trends.Notably,during the tillering and jointing growth phases of rice,the levels of various water quality indicators in ditch water were significantly elevated,thus posing a considerable risk of water pollution.Results from the single-factor water quality assessments indicated that,in 2022 and 2023,the proportion of field surface water quality exceeding Class Ⅳ water quality standardswas 83.9% and 88.0%,respectively,and the proportion of terminal ditch water quality evaluation exceeding Class Ⅳ was 89.7% and 76.9%.With respect to the comprehensive identification indices for surface water,values ranged from 3.4105 to 5.1415 in 2022 and from 4.7204 to 6.2424 in 2023.For ditch water,the indices ranged from 3.2105 to 4.7305 and from 4.1104 to 5.7314,predominantly falling within Class Ⅲ to Class Ⅴ on the water quality scale.An analytical comparison of the two water quality assessment methods indicated that the single fac

关 键 词：稻田 排水沟 水质 评价方法 单因子评价 综合水质标识指数 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源] X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]