1971-2019年黑龙江省冻融指数和冻土分布时空变化研究  

Study on Spatial and Temporal Variation of Freeze-Thaw Index and Permafrost Distribution in Heilongjiang Province from 1971 to 2019

作　　者：宋成杰 周彦章[1,2] 戴长雷 涂维铭[4] SONG Cheng-jie;ZHOU Yan-zhang;DAI Chang-lei;TU Wei-ming(Geotechnical Engineering Department,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210029,Jiangsu Province,China;Key Laboratory of Reservoir and Dam Safety,Ministry of Water Resources,Nanjing 210029,Jiangsu Province,China;Institute of Groundwater in Cold Region,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,Heilongjiang Province,China;Hydrology and Water Resources Department,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210029,Jiangsu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]南京水利科学研究院岩土工程研究所,江苏南京210029 [2]水利部水库大坝安全重点实验室,江苏南京210029 [3]黑龙江大学寒区地下水研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150080 [4]南京水利科学研究院水文水资源研究所,江苏南京210029

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2025年第4期192-200,共9页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：山东省水资源与水环境重点实验室开放基金项目(2024-03);云南省国际河流与跨界生态安全重点实验室开放基金(2022KF03)。

摘　　要：黑龙江省是我国高纬度多年冻土的主要分布区,在气候变暖的趋势下,多年冻土退化严重,引起的水文、生态和环境等问题成为相关科学研究关注的焦点。基于黑龙江省34个气象站1971-2019a的气温和地表温度数据,采用冻融指数和地面冻结数模型,结合趋势拟合和局部薄盘光滑样条函数插值法等,研究了黑龙江省年平均气温、年平均地表温度和冻融指数的时空变化,冻土分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明:黑龙江省多年平均气温和地表温度变化范围分别为-8.64~5.60℃和-6.52~7.58℃,空间分布上随纬度和海拔呈带状分布,年平均气温和地表温度年际升温速率趋于一致,分别为0.34和0.33℃/10 a。从1971-2019年,大气冻结指数和地面冻结指数分别以-5.07和-5.04℃·d/a的速度下降,大气融化指数和地面融化指数分别以7.63和11.89℃·d/a的速度上升。大气/地面冻融指数的空间分布上均呈现出纬向趋势,但是在北部山区海拔的影响大于纬度。多年冻土主要分布在北部的大、小兴安岭,零星分布在中部山区,1970-2010s多年冻土的南界向北移动约2°左右,多年冻土的总面积从1970s的11.1万km^(2)缩减为2010s的6.53万km^(2),冻土分布与气温、地表温度和气温冻结指数的相关性最大,其空间分布与纬度和海拔有较强的相关性。研究结果对分析黑龙江省以及整个东北地区高纬度多年冻土退化的趋势具有重要意义,也可为冻土区自然冷资源开发、生态保护和工程建设等提供参考。Heilongjiang Province is the main distribution area of high-latitude permafrost in China.Under the trend of climate warming,the degradation of permafrost is serious,and the hydrological,ecological and environmental problems caused by it have become the focus of attention of related scientific research.Based on the air temperature and surface temperature data from 34 meteorological stations in Heilongjiang Province from 1971 to 2019,the temporal and spatial variations of mean annual air temperature,mean annual surface temperature,freeze-thaw index,the characteristics of permafrost distribution and its influencing factors were investigated by using the freeze-thaw index and surface freezing number models,combined with the trend fitting and the localized thin-disk smooth spline function interpolation method.The results show that the range of multi-year mean air and surface temperature changes in Heilongjiang Province is -8.64~5.60℃ and -6.52~7.58℃,respectively,with a banded spatial distribution with latitude and altitude,and the interannual warming rates of mean annual air and surface temperatures tend to be consistent with each other,which are 0.34 and 0.33℃/10 a,respectively.From 1971 to 2019,the air freezing index and surface freezing index decreased at the rate of -5.071 and -5.04℃·d/a,respectively,and the air thawing index and surface thawing index increased at the rate of 7.63 and 11.89℃·d/a.The spatial distribution of the air/surface freeze-thaw index all showed latitudinal trends,but in the northern mountainous areas the effect of elevation was greater than latitude.Permafrost is mainly distributed in the Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains in the north,and sporadically distributed in the central mountainous areas.The southern boundary of permafrost shifted northward by about 2°from 1970 to 2010s,and the total area of permafrost shrunk from 11.1×10^(4) km^(2) in the 1970s to 6.53×10^(4) km^(2) in the 2010s,and the distribution of permafrost is most highly correlated with the air temperature,t

关 键 词：黑龙江省 冻融指数 多年冻土 时空分布 冻土退化 

分 类 号：P642.14[天文地球—工程地质学]