基于响应面法及NSGA-Ⅲ算法的商用车车门多目标优化研究  

Multi-objective Optimization Study of Commercial Vehicle Door Based on Response Surface Method and NSGA-ⅢAlgorithm

作　　者：闻健 张宇[2] 张文轩 唐静宁 李善德 Wen Jian;Zhang Yu;Zhang Wenxuan;Tang Jingning;Li Shande(Hubei Institute of Specialty Vehicle,Suizhou 441300,China;School of Mechanical Science&Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Techology,Wuhan 430068,China;National Special Vehicle-mounted Equipment Product Quality Inspection and Testing Center of Suizhou Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute,Suizhou 441300,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省专用汽车研究院,湖北随州441300 [2]华中科技大学机械科学与工程学院,湖北武汉430074 [3]随州市产品质量监督检验所国家专用汽车车载装置产品质量检验检测中心,湖北随州441300

出　　处：《专用汽车》2025年第4期30-35,共6页Special Purpose Vehicle

摘　　要：针对商用车应用工况复杂以及车门易发生变形和撕裂问题,以某商用车车门为对象,建立车门多工况有限元分析模型。运用响应面分析方法,以车门零部件厚度为优化参数,以车门垂直最大位移、水平最大位移、最大冲击应力、质量为响应指标,设计四因素四水平正交仿真试验,建立响应指标的回归模型,并进行精度验证,结果显示,响应指标的预测值与模拟值最大误差分别为7.72%、3.45%、5.47%、0.02%,模型精度高。运用NSGA-Ⅲ多目标优化算法,得到车门结构零件厚度的最优参数组合。优化后车门的水平最大位移减小了6.03%,最大冲击应力减小了7.84%,车门质量减小了3.8%,优化效果明显。研究结果可为商用车车门的结构优化提供参考。To address the deformation and tearing issues of commercial vehicle doors under complex operating conditions,this study established a multi-condition finite element analysis model for a commercial vehicle door.The response surface analysis method is used to take the thickness of door as the optimization parameter,and the maximum vertical displacement,maximum horizontal displacement,maximum impact stress and mass of the door as the response index.A four-factor,four-level orthogonal simulation experiment was designed to construct regression models for the response indicators.The maximum errors between the predicted value and the simulated value of the index are 7.72%,3.45%,5.47%and 0.02%,respectively,confirming high precision.The NSGA-Ⅲ multi-objective optimization algorithm was applied to obtain the optimal thickness combination for door components.After optimization,the horizontal displacement of the door is reduced by 6.03%,the maximum impact stress is reduced by 7.84%,and the mass of the door reduced by 3.8%,and the optimization effect is obvious.The research results can provide reference for the structural optimization of commercial vehicle doors.

关 键 词：商用车车门 响应面法 NSGA-Ⅲ算法 多目标优化 

分 类 号：U463.834[机械工程—车辆工程]