岩性勘探中的保幅质量控制方法  

Amplitude Preservation Quality Control Method in Lithological Exploration

作　　者：殷学鑫 梁菲菲 桂红兵[1] 宋鑫 张明珠 Yin Xuexin;Liang Feifei;Gui Hongbing;Song Xin;Zhang Mingzhu(Geophysical Research and Development Institute,Geophysical-COSL,Tianjin 300459,China)

机构地区：[1]中海油田服务股份有限公司物探事业部,天津300459

出　　处：《工程地球物理学报》2025年第2期260-269,共10页Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics

基　　金：中海油田服务股份有限公司科研项目(编号:E-23242012)。

摘　　要：随着油气田勘探开发的深入,岩性油气藏勘探对地震资料保幅性要求提高。本文从保幅含义出发,给出了绝对保幅和相对保幅的定义,总结了前人提出的保幅质量控制评价方法,并在此基础上提出了分频AVO(Amplitude Versus Offset)曲线法和分偏移距频谱分析法两种新的保幅质量控制方法。分频AVO曲线法考虑了地层厚度对AVO特征的影响,能更有效地反映不同厚度地层的AVO特征,降低调谐作用对AVO特征的影响,从而有效提升AVO分析的精度。分偏移距频谱分析法能更好地反映处理前后地震资料的能量、频率在不同偏移距上的变化情况,也能通过能量、频率随偏移距的变化来对保幅性进行评价。这些方法与现有方法结合,依托成熟的处理流程,构建了相对完善的保幅质量控制评价体系,为岩性勘探准确性和可靠性提供保障。With the deepening of oil and gas field exploration,the requirement for amplitude preservation of seismic data in lithologic reservoir exploration has increased.This paper gives the definition of absolute amplitude preservation and relative amplitude preservation,and summarizes the evaluation methods of amplitude preservation quality control proposed by predecessors.On this basis,two new amplitude preservation quality control methods,frequency-division AVO curve method and offset-division spectrum analysis method,are proposed.The frequency-division AVO curve method takes into account the influence of formation thickness on AVO characteristics,which can reflect AVO characteristics of different thicknesses more effectively,reduce the influence of tuning on AVO characteristics,and effectively improve the accuracy of AVO analysis.Offset-division spectrum analysis can better reflect the change of energy and frequency of seismic data at different offset distances,and can also evaluate the amplitude preservation through changes in energy and frequency with the offset.By combining the existing methods and these new methods,and relying on mature processing workflows,we establish a relatively complete amplitude preservation quality control system,which guarantees the accuracy and reliability of lithological exploration.

关 键 词：保幅处理 保幅质量控制方法 岩性勘探 相对保幅 分频AVO 分偏移距频谱分析 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]