长庆镇州行营考——兼议白居易对行营体制的反思  

The Zhenzhou Campaign Headquarters in the Changqing Era and Bai Juyi's Discussion on the Institution of Campaign Headquarters

作　　者：胡耀飞 刘雪婷 Hu Yaofei;Liu Xueting

机构地区：[1]不详

出　　处：《唐宋历史评论》2024年第2期127-153,共27页

基　　金：陕西师范大学历史文化学院2022年度“念海史学”科研项目“唐宋之际行营制度研究”(A-Q2206)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：长庆镇州行营始于长庆元年十月唐穆宗任命河东节度使裴度为镇州四面行营都招讨使,试图平定幽州朱克融和镇州王庭凑之乱。此后,来自河北道魏博、横海、义武,河东道河东、昭义等藩镇的军队直接出兵,来自河南道义成、河阳,关内道凤翔等藩镇的军队间接调拨,进入镇州行营,总兵力在十五万到十七八万。该行营以裴度为镇州四面行营都招讨使,整体负责,并主要从西面进攻镇州。又有横海节度使杜叔良、忠武节度使李光颜先后兼任深州诸道行营节度使,负责镇州行营东面诸道解围深州的军队。另有供军使裴武,以及深州诸道行营都监段文政、杨承和与各藩镇军队的监军。可惜在作战方面,镇州行营第一阶段的战役在整体上未有较大突破,第二阶段甚至最终放弃平叛。此外,在镇州行营设置期间,内部也有一些动乱,一定程度上消耗了镇州行营的实力。鉴于长庆镇州行营第一阶段战况的不顺利,长庆二年正月,当时任中书舍人的白居易向唐穆宗上《论行营状》五篇,建议让亲自领兵作战的各藩镇节度使撤回,只留下精兵在行营,由一人或两人(分东西)节度即可。在后勤方面,白居易也建议通过精简军队来节省开支,并将平叛精力集中在镇州王庭凑身上,以取得更有实质性的成效。The Zhenzhou Campaign Headquarters during the Changqing era originated in October of the first year of Changqing.At that time,Emperor Muzong of Tang appointed Pei Du,the Jiedushi (regional military governor) of Hedong,as the General Commander of the Campaign Headquarters for Encircling Zhenzhou from All Directions,with the aim of suppressing the rebellions led by Zhu Kerong in Youzhou and Wang Tingcou in Zhenzhou.Subsequently,troops were directly dispatched from various military regions,including Weibo,Henghai,and Yiwu in the Hebei Circuit,as well as Hedong and Zhaoyi in the Hedong Circuit.Additionally,forces from Yicheng and Heyang in the Henan Circuit and Fengxiang in the Guannei Circuit were indirectly allocated to the campaign.The total force ranged between 150000 to 170000 or possibly as many as 180000 soldiers.Pei Du served as the General Commander,overseeing the headquarters and primarily directing attacks on Zhenzhou from the west.In addition,Du Shuliang,the Jiedushi of Henghai,and Li Guangyan,the Jiedushi of Zhongwu,successively held concurrent positions as the Jiedushi of the Multi Circuit Campaign Headquarters in Shenzhou.They were tasked with leading troops from the eastern regions to support Shenzhou.Supply officers such as Pei Wu,supervisors of the Multi-Circuit Campaign Headquarters like Duan Wenzheng and Yang Chenghe,and military supervisors from various regions also participated in the campaign.Unfortunately,the Zhenzhou Campaign Headquarters failed to achieve significant breakthroughs during its first phase of operations.In the second phase,the rebellion suppression efforts were ultimately abandoned.Furthermore,internal disturbances within the headquarters during its establishment weakened its overall strength.In light of the unsatisfactory progress in the first phase,Bai Juyi,who was then a Scholar of the Central Secretariat,submitted five essays titled“On the Campaign Headquarters”to Emperor Muzong in January of the second year of Changqing.In these essays,Bai Juyi suggested that the Jiedu

关 键 词：长庆镇州行营 白居易 论行营状 行营体制 

分 类 号：K242[历史地理—历史学]