2023—2024年冬春基于直面消费者式呼吸道病原检测情况及人呼吸道合胞病毒检出人群的特征分析  

Analysis of the respiratory pathogen test during the winter and spring of 2023-2024 in multiple locations of China with direct-to-consumer testing and the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus

作　　者：蒋慧莉 段玉萍 姜明月 孙艳侠[1] 冯录召 Jiang Huili;Duan Yuping;Jiang Mingyue;Sun Yanxia;Feng Luzhao(School of Population Medicine and Public Health,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Beijing 100005,China;National Institute of Pathogen Biology,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control(Peking Union Medical College),Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity,Beijing 102629,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院群医学及公共卫生学院,北京100005 [2]中国医学科学院病原生物学研究所,病原体感染防控教育部重点实验室呼吸与共病全国重点实验室,北京102629

出　　处：《中华医学杂志》2025年第12期924-930,共7页National Medical Journal of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82404328);科技基础资源调查专项(2023FY100600);中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程(2022-I2M-CoV19-006);呼吸道合胞病毒感染在中国老年人群中的防控政策研究。

摘　　要：目的了解2023—2024年冬春基于直面消费者式呼吸道病原检测情况及人呼吸道合胞病毒(HRSV)检出人群的特征。方法横断面研究。2023年10月至2024年4月,在全国7个城市面向有意愿接受检测的一般人群中开展12种呼吸道病原体的聚合酶链式反应检测,同时收集检测人群的年龄、性别和症状资料,分析不同性别、年龄、地区HRSV检出率差异,以及HRSV检出的时间分布和合并感染的情况。结果共纳入459972例检测样本,年龄为30(9,38)岁。HRSV检出为17387例,检出率为3.78%。0~1岁(11.56%,1669/14440)、2~5岁(8.09%,3746/46300)、60~74岁(3.60%,807/22386)和≥75岁(4.31%,169/3921)HRSV检出率高于6~17岁(2.93%,3238/110502)和18~59岁群体(2.96%,7758/262423)(P<0.0033)。华北地区HRSV检出率(5.51%,11648/211450)高于华东(2.41%,3964/164806)、华南(2.14%,1722/80579)和西南地区(1.69%,53/3137)(P<0.0083)。华北地区HRSV呈现单峰流行模式,在2023年11月至2024年1月出现流行高峰;相较于华北地区,华南地区的HRSV流行开始时间早,流行高峰分别出现在2023年10月及2024年3—4月;华东地区HRSV在2024年1月初及2024年3月出现流行高峰。HRSV检出人群中,HRSV合并1种病原体检出构成比较高(46.62%,8106/17387),其中构成比最高的为HRSV合并1种细菌检出(43.42%,7549/17387)。结论2023—2024年冬春季节0~5和≥60岁人群是HRSV检出的主要人群;我国华南地区HRSV流行期早于华北地区;HRSV常合并1种细菌检出。ObjectiveTo investigate the detection status of respiratory pathogens with direct-to-consumer testing and the characteristics of the population with human respiratory syncytial virus(HRSV)detection in the winter and spring of 2023-2024.MethodsFrom October 2023 to April 2024,polymerase chain reaction(PCR)detection of 12 respiratory pathogens was conducted among the general population willing to be tested in the cross-sectional study of 7 cities across the country.Age,gender,and symptom data of the tested population were collected.Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences in HRSV detection rates among different genders,ages,and regions.The temporal distribution of HRSV detection and the situation of co-infection were also analyzed.ResultsA total of 459972 test samples were included,and the age[M(Q 1,Q 3)]was 30(9,38)with an age range of 0 to 90 years.The total number of HRSV detections was 17387,with a total detection rate of 3.78%.The HRSV detection rates in the 0-1 year old(11.56%,1669/14440),2-5 years old(8.09%,3746/46300),60-74 years old(3.60%,807/22386),and≥75 years old(4.31%,169/3921)were higher than those in the 6-17 years old(2.93%,3238/110502)and 18-59 years old(2.96%,7758/262423)(P<0.0033).The HRSV detection rate in North China(5.51%,11648/211450)was higher than that in East China(2.41%,3964/164806),South China(2.14%,1722/80579),and Southwest China(1.69%,53/3137)(P<0.0083).HRSV in North China showed a single peak epidemic pattern,with an epidemic peak from November 2023 to January 2024;compared with North China,the epidemic period of HRSV in South China started earlier,with epidemic peaks in October 2023 and March-April 2024;in East China,HRSV showed epidemic peaks in early January 2024 and March 2024.Among the HRSV-detected population,the proportion of HRSV co-detected with one pathogen was the highest(46.62%,8,106/17,387),with the highest proportion being HRSV co-detected with one bacterium(43.42%,7,549/17,387).ConclusionsThe findings from the direct-to-consumer testing of respiratory pathog

关 键 词：呼吸道合胞病毒 流行特征 合并检出 直面消费者式检测 

分 类 号：R373.1[医药卫生—病原生物学]