中国诉讼增长的现代化理论反思与实践解释  

Reflection on Modernization Theory and Practical Insights into Litigation Growth in China

作　　者：胡昌明[1] HU Changming

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所,北京100720

出　　处：《政治与法律》2025年第4期19-35,共17页Political Science and Law

基　　金：2024年国家社会科学基金重大项目“中华传统法律文化中的无讼观及其实践研究”(项目编号:24&ZD139)的研究成果。

摘　　要：改革开放以来,中国社会经历了深刻的变迁。在此过程中,中国的诉讼率持续上升,诉讼案件数量呈现显著增长。在过去的四十余年间,中国的诉讼总量增长超过50倍,2021年全国法院新受理案件数突破3300万件。通过对刑事、民事及行政诉讼案件数量的实证研究发现,中国诉讼增长可分为两个快速增长阶段和一个停滞阶段,且三大诉讼类型的增长趋势存在显著差异,其中行政诉讼增速最快,而民事诉讼的增量最大。改革开放后,中国诉讼数量的爆发式增长是经济、社会、法律及政策等多重因素共同作用的结果。研究表明,尽管社会现代化进程为诉讼增长提供了宏观背景,但中国诉讼增长还受到一些特殊因素的影响:人民调解制度的式微与商事仲裁机制的薄弱,在一定程度上加剧了司法系统的负担;同时,改革开放以来较为频繁变动的法律与司法政策以及较低的诉讼成本,也进一步导致了中国的诉讼增长。Since the launch of reform and opening-up,Chinese society has undergone profound transformations.During this process,the litigation rate in China has continued to rise,with the number of legal cases showing significant growth.Over the past four decades,the total volume of litigation in China has surged by over 50 times,with courts nationwide accepting more than 33 million new cases in 2021.Empirical researches on the number of criminal,civil,and administrative litigation cases reveal that the growth of litigation in China falls into two rapid growth phases and one stagnation phase.The three types of litigation show distinct trends:administrative litigation has experienced the fastest growth rate,while civil litigation has contributed the largest numerical increase.The explosive growth in litigation following the reform and opening-up is the result of the combined effects of economic,social,legal,and policy factors.Research indicates that while social modernization forms the broad backdrop for the rise in litigation,litigation growth in China is also influenced by several unique factors:the decline of the people's mediation system and the weakness of the commercial arbitration mechanism have,to some extent,increased the burden on the judicial system.Furthermore,frequent changes in laws and judicial policies since the reform and opening-up,coupled with relatively low litigation costs,have directly fueled the litigation large growth in China.

关 键 词：诉讼增长 现代化理论 社会变迁 替代性纠纷解决方式 司法政策 

分 类 号：D926.2[政治法律—法学]