“自然恢复为主”原则的立法检视与规则完善  

The Legislative Review of the Principle of"Natural Restoration as the Priority"and the Improvement of Rules

作　　者：陈幸欢 CHEN Xinghuan

机构地区：[1]江西财经大学法学院,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《政治与法律》2025年第4期110-126,共17页Political Science and Law

基　　金：2023年度国家社会科学基金一般项目“生态环境修复行刑民责任体系化研究”(项目编号:23BFX192)的研究成果。

摘　　要：“自然恢复为主”原则的确立,是我国环境治理向度上的深刻变革。本质上,“自然恢复为主”并不是对人工干预的绝对排斥,而是强调在尊重自然规律的前提下,以生态系统的自我调节为主,辅之以必要的人工修复措施,其目标是恢复生态系统的原真性和完整性,规制对象是人类不当的干扰行为,而非生态环境。对“自然恢复为主”原则的立法检视表明,最低干预理念缺失、生态利益与经济利益相协调理念不显,其核心规则缺失、配套规则精细化构造不足,难以实现该原则之立法目的。鉴于此,应将“自然恢复为主”确立为我国正在编纂中的《生态环境法典》的基本原则。同时,基于最低干预理念、生态利益与经济利益相协调理念,确立自然恢复规则、分级分类保护规则等核心规则;基于系统性修复理念、多元共治理念,完善分区管控规则、公众参与规则等配套规则,从而构建完整的由“自然恢复为主”原则统辖的规则体系。The establishment of the principle of"natural restoration as the priority"is a profound change in the direction of environmental governance in China.In essence,"natural restoration as the priority"is not a complete rejection of human intervention,but emphasizes the self-regulation of the ecosystem under the premise of respecting the laws of nature,supplemented by necessary artificial restoration measures with the goal of restoring the authenticity and integrity of the ecosystem,and the target of regulation being the improper human interference rather than the ecological environment.The legislative review of the principle of"natural restoration as the priority"shows that the absence of the concept of minimum intervention and the insufficient coordination between ecological interests and economic interests result in the lack of core rules and insufficient refinement of supporting rules,thus hindering the achievement of the legislative purpose of such principle.Therefore,"natural restoration as the priority"should be established as the basic principle of in editing Chinese Eco-environment Code.Meanwhile,based on the concept of minimum intervention and the concept of coordination between ecological interests and economic interests,core rules such as those on natural restoration,and hierarchical and classified protection should be established;based on the concept of systematic restoration and the concept of pluralistic co-governance,the supporting rules such as those on zoning control and public participation should be established,thus establishing a comprehensive system of rules on"natural restoration as the priority".

关 键 词：自然恢复为主 生态环境修复 人工修复 最低干预理念 系统治理 

分 类 号：DF468[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]