层状土条件下土渠渗漏数值模拟及其多因子数学模型  

Numerical Simulation on Canal Seepage for Earthen Canal with Layered Soil Structure and Its Multifactor Mathematical Modeling

作　　者：苏佩东 徐阳 张彦杰 韩旭东 陈爱萍 朱焱[1] 王修贵[1] 刘金生 SU Pei-dong;XU Yang;ZHANG Yan-jie;HAN Xu-dong;CHEN Ai-ping;ZHU Yan;WANG Xiu-gui;LIU Jin-sheng(State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,Hubei Province,China;Institute of Water Resources Science of Inner Mongolia Municipacity,Hohhot 010060,Inner Mongolia,China;Yichang Sub-center of Water Development Center of Hetao Irrigation District in Inner Mongolia,Bayannur 015000,Inner Mongolia,China;Emergency Management Bureau of Ulatqian Banner,Bayannur City,Inner Mongolia,Bayannur 015000,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源工程与调度全国重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [2]内蒙古自治区水利科学研究院,内蒙古呼和浩特010060 [3]内蒙古河套灌区水利发展中心义长分中心,内蒙古巴彦淖尔015000 [4]内蒙古巴彦淖尔市乌拉特前旗应急管理局,内蒙古巴彦淖尔015000

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2025年第4期44-52,60,共10页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52309059);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2042023kf0161)。

摘　　要：准确计算土渠渗漏量对灌区的输水效率测算和灌区管理具有重要意义。为提出准确高效的渠道渗漏评估方法,以河套灌区义长灌域为研究区,建立土渠二维入渗的数值模型,采用渠道渗漏试验数据对其率定验证,进一步探究渠道水深h、底宽b、边坡系数m、分层土壤饱和水力传导度k_(s1)、k_(s2)、k_(s3)对渠道土壤水分入渗过程的影响规律,以Kostiakov-Lewis模型为基础模型,采用多元线性回归建立基于入渗参数的多因子数学模型。结果表明:数值模型模拟R^(2)均在0.928以上、RMAE、RMSE分别小于14.57%、0.048 cm^(3)/(cm·s),模型可以用于模拟渠道土壤水分入渗过程。各因素对渠道稳渗速率的影响程度依次为:k_(s1)>h>k_(s2)>k_(s3)>b(m不显著)。建立的土渠二维入渗多因子数学模型R^(2)在0.87以上,均值为0.96,RMSE、RMAE、ME均值分别为0.05 cm^(3)/(cm·s)、14.13%、0.027 cm^(3)/(cm·s),评价指标结果较好,模拟值与预测值较吻合,模型可行。研究量化了各影响因素对渠道稳渗速率的影响,发现紧邻渠床土层和水深对渠道渗漏影响显著,所建立的土渠渗漏实用公式能够准确高效地用于分层土壤条件下各级渠道渗漏量计算。Accurate calculation of seepage loss in earthen canals is important for estimating water conveyance efficiency and irrigation management in irrigation districts.In order to propose an accurate and efficient method for assessing canal seepage,a numerical model for two-dimensional infiltration was established with the Yichang Irrigation Area of the Hetao Irrigation District as the study area.The model was validated using ponding test data.This study further investigates the effects of canal water depth(h),bottom width(b),slope coefficient(m),and saturated hydraulic conductivity of the layered soils(k_(s1),k_(s2),and k_(s3))on the soil water infiltration process in the canals.A multivariate linear regression analysis was employed to create a multifactor model based on infiltration parameters,using the Kostiakov-Lewis model as the foundational model.The results indicate that the R^(2)values of the numerical model exceed 0.928,RMAE and RMSE values are both below 14.57%and 0.048 cm^(3)/(cm·s),respectively.This suggests that the model is capable of accurately simulating the infiltration process of canal seepage.The factors influencing the stable seepage rate of the canal was ranked in the following order:k_(s1)>h>k_(s2)>k_(s3)>b(where m was not significant).The established two-dimensional multi-factor mathematical model for earthen canal infiltration achieved an R^(2)value greater than 0.87,with a mean value of 0.96.The mean values for RMSE value,RMAE value,and ME value are 0.05 cm^(3)/(cm·s),14.13%,and 0.027 cm^(3)/(cm·s),respectively.The evaluation indices indicate that the results are favorable,with simulated and predicted values showing excellent consistency,confirming the model's feasibility.This study quantified the effects of various influencing factors on the stable seepage rate of the canal.It was found that the soil layer adjacent to the canal bed and the water depth significantly affected canal seepage.Additionally,the established practical formula for seepage in earthen canals can accurately and efficient

关 键 词：土渠 渠道渗漏 层状土壤 入渗参数 数值模拟 多因子数学模型 

分 类 号：S277[农业科学—农业水土工程]