汾河灌区玉米膜下滴灌水氮互作对土壤水氮分布及利用效率的影响  

Effects of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on the Yield and Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Drip-Irrigated Maize Under Mulch

作　　者：尹航 王丹 申丽霞[1] 肖娟[1] 樊雅琼 任宇泽 耿国强 YIN Hang;WANG Dan;SHEN Li-xia;XIAO Juan;FAN Ya-qiong;REN Yu-ze;GENG Guo-qiang(College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,Shanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学水利科学与工程学院,山西太原030024

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2025年第4期81-87,95,共8页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：山西省横向科研项目“汾河灌区高效节水灌溉水肥一体化技术试验”(FHGQ-XM-FW-009(2023));山西省基础研究计划自由探索类青年科学研究项目“覆膜滴灌配施有机肥对玉米生理生长和农田温室气体排放影响机制”(20210302124248);“中水掺灌条件下污染物迁移转化积累规律研究”(20210302124249)。

摘　　要：汾河灌区玉米种植普遍采用传统地面灌溉施肥方式,膜下滴灌技术在大田玉米种植中的应用尚处于初步发展阶段,为探究膜下滴灌对该地区土壤水氮分布和玉米水氮利用的影响,在山西省文水县开展了春玉米膜下滴灌水氮耦合试验,以期提出可保证玉米较高产量和水氮利用效率的适宜的膜下滴灌灌溉施肥制度。试验设置3个灌水量:从灌水下限(苗期70%及其余生育期75%田间持水率)灌到100%田间持水量所需的灌水量(W100)、W100灌水量的60%(W60)、不灌水(W0);3个施氮量:300 kg/hm^(2)(N300当地常规施氮量)、200 kg/hm^(2)(N200)、0 kg/hm^(2)(N0)。结果表明:W100下的土壤含水率及减氮33.3%的施氮量更适合当地玉米生长,在玉米抽穗期后,相比于N0W100和N300W100,N200W100处理下叶面积指数上升了6.4%~25.9%,土壤含水率下降了1.3%~18.3%。在春玉米收获后,相比于播种前,N200下0~60 cm土层土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量基本保持不变,而N300分别比播种前高24.7%~35.9%和17.2%~78.9%,加剧玉米根系层土壤氮素积累。与当地常规施氮量相比,N200W100处理在氮肥节约33.3%的前提下获得最高春玉米产量和氮肥利用率,分别达到14459 kg/hm^(2)和36.9%,且其水分利用效率达到38.9 kg/(hm^(2)·mm)。综上,汾河灌区膜下滴灌春玉米推荐采用N200W100的水氮管理方案,既可以减少氮肥投入,又可以获得较高的水氮利用效率。Traditional ground irrigation and fertilization methods are commonly used in Fenhe Irrigation District,and the use of submembrane drip irrigation for corn planting is still in the early stages of development.In order to explore the effects of submembrane drip irrigation on soil water and nitrogen distribution and corn water and nitrogen utilization in this area,this study carried out a spring corn water and nitrogen coupling experiment under membrane drip irrigation in Wenshui County,Shanxi Province.In order to put forward a suitable drip irrigation and fertilization system under film which can ensure higher yield and water and nitrogen utilization efficiency of maize.Three irrigation amounts were set in the experiment:from the lower limit of irrigation(70%of seedling stage and 75%of remaining growth stage)to the irrigation amount required for 100%of field water capacity(W100),60%of W100 irrigation amount(W60),and no irrigation water(W0);Three nitrogen application rates:300 kg/hm^(2)(N300 local conventional nitrogen application),200 kg/hm^(2)(N200),0 kg/hm^(2)(N0).The results show that:Soil moisture content and nitrogen reduction rate of 33.3%under W100 were more suitable for local corn growth.After corn heading,leaf area index under N200W100 treatment increased by 6.4%~25.9%compared with N0W100 and N300W100.The soil water content decreased by 1.3%to 18.3%because the larger leaf area dominated the transpiration water consumption of the plants.After harvest,the content of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the 0~60 cm soil layer under N200 remained largely unchanged compared to presowing levels,while N300 levels were 24.7%~35.9%and 17.2%~78.9%higher,respectively,increasing soil nitrogen accumulation in the corn root zone.Compared with the local conventional nitrogen application,N200W100 treatment achieved the highest spring maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency(14459 kg/hm^(2)and 36.9%,respectively)and water-use efficiency(38.9 kg/hm^(2)/mm)under the condition of saving 33.3%of nitrogen fertilizer.In conc

关 键 词：汾河灌区 膜下滴灌 水氮分布及迁移 玉米产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S274