几种月平均潜在蒸散发估算方法非线性效应的分析  

Analysis of Nonlinear Effects of Several Methods for Estimating Monthly Mean Potential Evapotranspiration

作　　者：王曼靖 曾新民 刘思洁 王宁[2] Irfan Ullah WANG Man-jing;ZENG Xin-min;LIU Si-jie;WANG Ning;Ullah Irfan(College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,Jiangsu Province,China;College of Meteorology and Oceanography,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410003,Hunan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学水文水资源学院,江苏南京210098 [2]国防科技大学气象海洋学院,湖南长沙410073

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2025年第4期103-109,117,共8页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U2240218,42350410438,42205069);国家重大科技基础设施项目“地球系统数值模拟装置”提供支持。

摘　　要：为探究月平均潜在蒸散发(ET_(p))估算方法的非线性对计算结果的影响,对常用的7种估算方法进行非线性研究,即以使用日尺度气象数据计算的ET_(p)为标准,分析使用月尺度数据所产生偏差的时空特征。结果表明:Hargreaves法在7月产生最大绝对偏差ΔET_(p)为0.89 mm/d(相对偏差RE为7.78%),Blaney-Criddle法在7月产生最小ΔET_(p)为-0.51 mm/d(RE为-10.58%);Penman-Monteith法、Hargreaves法和Makkink法在春、夏易高估ET_(p),在秋、冬易低估;Hargreaves法和Priestley-Taylor法的年ΔET_(p)较大。11个温度带代表站点中,大多方法在敦煌站的ΔET_(p)最大。影响Hargreaves法、Priestley-Taylor法、Blaney-Criddle法ΔET_(p)的主要因子分别为最高温度、日照时数和平均温度、风速和最小相对湿度。研究表明,在计算ET_(p)时,直接使用月尺度气象数据进行估算会产生较大偏差,必须适当考虑估算方法的非线性导致的时空特征影响。In order to explore the influence of the nonlinearity of monthly mean potential evapotranspiration(ET_(p))estimation methods on the calculation results,a nonlinear study was conducted on seven commonly used estimation methods.Using ET_(p)calculated using daily meteorological data as the standard,the spatio-temporal characteristics of the deviations generated when using monthly scale data were analyzed.The results showed that the Hargreaves method produced the maximum absolute deviationΔET_(p)0.89 mm/d(relative deviation RE:7.78%)in July,and the Blaney-Criddle method produced the minimumΔET_(p)-0.51 mm/d(RE:-10.58%)in July.Penman-Monteith method,Hargreaves method and Makkink method tend to overestimate ET_(p)in spring and summer,but underestimate ET_(p)in autumn and winter.The annualΔET_(p)values of the Hargreaves method and Priestley-Taylor method are larger.Among the 11 temperature belt representative stations,most of the methods have the largestΔET_(p)at Dunhuang station.The main factors influencingΔET_(p)of Hargreaves,Priestley-Taylor and Blaney-Criddle methods were maximum temperature,sunshine hours and average temperature,wind speed and minimum relative humidity,respectively.The study found that when calculating monthly ET_(p),the direct use of monthly meteorological data will produce a significant deviation,and the influence of spatiotemporal characteristics caused by the nonlinearity of the estimation method must be considered appropriately.

关 键 词：潜在蒸散发 估算方法 非线性效应 日尺度 月尺度 偏差 时空特征 

分 类 号：S271[农业科学—农业水土工程] S161.4[农业科学—农业工程] S119