淮北地区旱涝急转对冬小麦产量及品质影响及差异性研究  

Research on the Impact and Disparity of Abrupt Changes in Drought and Flood on the Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat in the Huaibei Area

作　　者：时运佳 朱梅[1] 袁宏伟[2,3] 曹秀清 刘硕硕[1] SHI Yun-jia;ZHU Mei;YUAN Hong-wei;CAO Xiu-qing;LIU Shuo-shuo(College of Engineering,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,Anhui Province,China;Water Conservancy Research Institute of the Huaihe Water Conservancy Commission,Ministry of Water Resources of Anhui Province,Hefei 230088,Anhui Province,China;Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Science and Intelligent Water Conservancy,Bengbu 233000,Anhui Province,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学工学院,安徽合肥230036 [2]安徽省水利部淮河水利委员会水利科学研究院,安徽合肥230088 [3]安徽省水科学与智慧水利重点实验室,安徽蚌埠233000

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2025年第4期110-117,共8页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：安徽省高等学校科学研究重点项目(2022AH050905);安徽省教育厅质量工程项目(2022cxtd042)。

摘　　要：为探究冬小麦不同生育期旱涝急转对其产量及品质的影响与差异,以淮麦55号为研究对象,在冬小麦拔节孕穗期开展桶栽试验,设置干旱水平(65%田持)、干旱历时(4、8、12 d)、淹涝水平(株高10 cm处)、淹涝历时(4、8、12 d),设置了总共9个不同的旱涝急转处理试验组,以及1个作为参照的对照组(CK)。研究拔节至孕穗期间旱涝急转条件对冬小麦品质特性及产量输出的影响模式,并基于主成分分析的结果,运用理想点排序法(TOPSIS)对产量表现及综合品质进行量化评估。结果表明:在拔节孕穗期干旱12 d转淹涝12 d对冬小麦株高的影响最大,对株高的抑制达到40.00%以上;在受旱涝急转影响下,减产幅度最大的是干旱12 d转淹涝4、8、12 d,减产幅度均达到90.00%以上;旱涝急转下冬小麦品质受干旱和淹涝水平的影响,产量与蛋白质含量之间呈现出最显著的负相关关系,相关系数高达-0.93,与淀粉含量之间则表现出最显著的正相关关系,相关系数达到0.96;在旱涝急转的处理条件下,冬小麦产量及品质综合表现最佳的是经历4 d干旱后转为8 d淹涝的处理,而综合表现最差的是经历12 d干旱后紧接着12 d淹涝的处理。研究结果可为提升冬小麦的品质与优化其抗旱防涝应对策略提供坚实的科学理论与依据。To investigate the effects and differences of alternating drought and flood conditions at different growth stages on the yield and quality of winter wheat,a pot experiment was conducted using Huaimai 55 during the jointing and booting stages.Nine treatments involving varying levels and durations of drought(65%field capacity for 4,8,and 12 days)and flood(water level 10 cm above ground for 4,8,and 12 days)were established,along with a control group(CK).The study aimed to elucidate the impact patterns of alternating drought and flood during the jointing to booting stage on the quality characteristics and yield of winter wheat.Principal component analysis results were used in conjunction with the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)to quantitatively evaluate yield performance and overall quality.Findings indicated that a 12-day drought followed by a 12-day flood had the most significant effect on plant height,resulting in a suppression rate exceeding 40%.The most severe yield reduction was observed under treatments involving 12 days of drought followed by 4,8,or 12 days of flooding,with a yield loss exceeding 90%.Drought and flooding intensities significantly influenced the quality of winter wheat.Notably,yield was most negatively correlated with protein content(r=-0.93)and most positively correlated with starch content(r=0.96).Under alternating drought and flood conditions,the treatment with 4 days of drought followed by 8 days of flood demonstrated the best comprehensive performance in terms of yield and quality,while the treatment with 12 days of drought followed by 12 days of flood performed the worst.These findings provide a robust scientific basis for enhancing the quality of winter wheat and optimizing strategies for drought and flood resistance.

关 键 词：旱涝急转 冬小麦 产量 品质 淮北地区 

分 类 号：S2[农业科学—农业工程]