典型供配电产品在轨故障诊断及维修技术探讨  

Discussion on the Fault Diagnosis and Maintenance Technology of Typical Power Distribution Products in Orbit

作　　者：方舟[1] 李玮[1] 黄首清[2] 石俊彪 钮建伟[4] 刘一帆[5] 苏亮 FANG Zhou;LI Wei;HUANG Shouqing;SHI Junbiao;NIU Jianwei;LIU Yifan;SU Liang(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China;Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering,Beijing 100094,China;Beijing Spacecraft Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100086,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学机电工程学院,北京100029 [2]北京卫星环境工程研究所,北京100094 [3]北京卫星制造厂有限公司,北京100086 [4]北京科技大学机械工程学院,北京100083 [5]北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京100094

出　　处：《空间科学与试验学报》2025年第1期84-96,共13页Journal of Space Science and Experiment

基　　金：中央高校人才基金项目(buctrc 202026)。

摘　　要：针对空间站典型供配电产品在轨故障精准定位、精细化维修、过程智能化等方面的需求,提出典型供配电产品在轨原位故障智能诊断及精细维修技术方案,并对其中关键技术环节开展必要性、先进性、安全性、可行性论述和应用前景的探讨。阐述了面向功率控制单元、指令母线单元等产品的板卡级、部件级故障,进一步降低维修层级和对轨道更换单元(Orbital Replaceable Unit,ORU)在轨修复、重复利用的总体思路;探究了快速智慧化故障诊断和精准定位、在轨精细级焊接维修等在轨维修必需关键技术的可行性、技术路线和实施方案;在基于增强现实(Augmented Reality,AR)全过程实时多模式交互支持的在轨维修方面,分析了现有AR技术面对板卡级精细维修需求存在的差距,探讨了自主可控国产智慧引擎研发的重要性,以及动态注册技术、高精度锚定算法、柔性目标识别、人机工效评估等关键技术的必要性和可行性,提出了轻量化高舒适度穿戴装备的开发方案;并对该方案中受微重力等天地差异影响的关键技术进行详细剖析,提出在轨验证的必要性、实验方法和实施方案,包括在轨焊接技术、快速故障精准定位技术、AR引导航天员操作等。结果表明,该方案不仅具有低成本、多层级、精细化的优势,能够切实降低维修层级,优化备品备件,提升系统安全性,还具有极强通用性,可推广至其他实验系统或更多工业领域,具有广阔的应用前景。In response to the requirements for precise positioning of on-orbit faults,fine maintenance,and intelligent process of typical power supply and distribution products in the space station,a technical solution for intelligent diagnosis and fine maintenance of on-orbit in-situ faults of typical power supply and distribution products is proposed.Discussions are conducted on the necessity,advancement,safety,and feasibility of the key technical links therein,as well as the application prospects.The overall concept of further reducing the maintenance level and on-orbit repair and reuse of Orbital Replacement Units(ORU)for board-level and component-level faults of products such as power control units and command bus units is expounded.The feasibility,complete technical routes,and implementation plans of essential key technologies for on-orbit maintenance,such as rapid intelligent fault diagnosis and precise positioning,and on-orbit fine-level welding maintenance,are explored.Regarding on-orbit maintenance supported by real-time and multi-mode interaction throughout the process based on augmented reality(AR),the disparities of existing AR technology in meeting the demands of boardlevel fine maintenance are examined.The significance of developing a domestically controllable and intelligent engine is proposed,along with the necessity and feasibility of key technologies such as dynamic registration technology,highprecision anchoring algorithm,flexible target recognition,and human-machine efficiency evaluation.A development plan for lightweight and highly comfortable wearable equipment is presented.A detailed analysis is carried out on the key technologies affected by differences between space and Earth,such as microgravity,in this set of solutions.The necessity,experimental methods,and implementation plans for on-orbit verification are proposed,including on-orbit welding technology,rapid and precise fault positioning technology,and AR-guided astronaut operations.This set of solutions not only possesses advantages such as low

关 键 词：在轨维修 板卡级维修 在轨焊接 人机工效 AR引导 

分 类 号：V41[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]