海水养殖废水净化处理技术研究进展  

Research Progress on Purification and Treatment Technology of Mariculture Wastewater

作　　者：赵辉 卜伟雄 田凯 孙立伟 ZHAO Hui;BU Weixiong;TIAN Kai;SUN Liwei(College of Chemistry and Environment,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524088,China;Guangdong Laboratory of South Ocean Science and Engineering,Zhuhai 519000,China;Cooperative Research Center for Nearshore Marine Environmental Change,Guangdong Ocean University;Research Center for Coastal Environmental Protection and Ecological Resilience,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524088,China;Guangdong Laboratory of South Ocean Science and Engineering,Guangzhou 511458,China)

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学化学与环境学院,广东湛江524088 [2]南方海洋科学与工程广东实验室,广东珠海519000 [3]近海海洋环境变化合作研究中心 [4]海岸带环境保护与生态修复研究中心,广东湛江524088 [5]南方海洋科学与工程广东实验室,广东广州511458

出　　处：《广东海洋大学学报》2025年第1期151-160,共10页Journal of Guangdong Ocean University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42076162);南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海)创新群体项目(311020004);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2022A1515010590)。

摘　　要：【目的】梳理海水养殖废水处理技术原理、净化效率及应用效果研究成果,并分析当前技术面临的挑战和发展方向,为海水养殖废水处理技术的发展提供参考。【方法】在回顾海水养殖废水传统处理技术的基础上,对近年来涌现的新技术进行系统梳理,依据技术原理差异,将海水养殖废水处理技术分为4种,分析各类技术的优缺点及应用。【结果】物理处理技术可有效去除固体颗粒和悬浮物,对溶解性污染物的去除效果较差;化学处理技术对重金属和有机污染物的净化效果显著,但成本高且可能有毒副作用;生物处理技术具有经济、无二次污染的优点,但受环境影响大和处理周期长,如植物处理和动物处理;综合处理技术则展现出高集成和高效净化的特点,但系统复杂、成本高和维护难度大,如生态化处理和工厂化处理。【结论】海水养殖废水处理技术正朝高效、环保、智能化方向发展,未来需加强新型高效材料的研发、微生物资源的开发与利用以及多技术集成与优化,以满足处理复杂废水的需求。【Objective】To sort out the research findings of principles,purification efficiency,and application effects of mariculture wastewater treatment technology,and analyze the challenges and development directions currently faced by the technology,providing reference for the development of mariculture wastewater treatment technology.【Method】On the basis of reviewing the traditional treatment technologies for mariculture wastewater,this paper systematically sorted out the new technologies that have emerged in recent years.Based on the differences in technical principles,mariculture wastewater treatment technologies weredivided into four types,and the advantages,disadvantages,and applications of each type of technology were analyzed.【Result】Physical processing techniques can effectively remove solid particles and suspended solids,but have poor removal efficiency for soluble pollutants;Chemical treatment technology has significant purification effects on heavy metals and organic pollutants,but it is costly and may have toxic side effects;Biological treatment technology is less costly and can prevent secondary pollution,but it is greatly affected by the environment and has a long treatment cycle,such as plant treatment and animal treatment;Comprehensive processing technology exhibits high integration and efficient purification characteristics,but the system is complex,costly,and difficult to maintain,such as ecological processing and factory processing.【Conclusion】The treatment technology of mariculture wastewater is developing towards high efficiency,environmental protection,and intelligence.In the future,it is necessary to strengthen the research and development of new and efficient materials,the development and utilization of microbial resources,and the integration and optimization of multiple technologies to meet the needs of treating complex wastewater.

关 键 词：海水养殖 环境污染 废水处理技术 

分 类 号：X714[环境科学与工程—环境工程]