明代湘黔边军防空间形态演变与族群交互  

Evolution of the Military Defense Spatial Form and Ethnic Interaction in the Xiang-Qian Border Region during the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：陈文元 Chen Wenyuan(School of Ethnology and History,Guizhou Minzu University,Guiyang,550025,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州民族大学,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《民族学刊》2025年第1期140-147,164,共9页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：贵州民族大学“中华民族共同体与多民族文化繁荣发展”高端智库专项课题“贵州省打造民族交融互嵌典范的问题与对策调查研究”(GZMUSK【2023】ZK04);国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项“历史上的西南少数民族政权与国家整合研究”(LSYZD21010)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：明代湘黔边界一带是中原向西南进发的重要通道,地理位置极其重要,乃军防重地。明初设置卫所屯戍,在湘黔边重山峻岭之间布施军防,呈“一线”与“交错”之势。明中后期,卫所衰败,省镇营兵制兴起,明廷再次改制军防,沿湘黔边山水格局增置营、哨,形成“民苗哨寨”景观。缓至明末,营哨累加,沿边修筑边墙,汉土兼制,然军防日蹙。湘黔边复杂地理环境影响了明廷军防设置、布局,随着时间的推移,军防延展与深入一定程度上重组了族群结构,促进了族群交互。自明初以来湘黔边军防形势下的“犬牙交错”“民苗错居”“混融共生”等社会形态与人文景观就此长久积淀下来,并呈现今朝。During the Ming Dynasty,the Xiang-Qian border(Hunan-Guizhou)region was an important passage from the Central Plains to Southwest China,holding an extremely important geographic position for military defense.Here,the Han culture of South China converged with the diverse ethnic cultures of Southwest China.Frequent interactions took place among the Han,Miao,Tujia,Dong,Gelao,and other ethnic groups,forming a multi-ethnic cohabitation scenario.After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty,the central government implemented a policy of settlement of immigrants:By establishing Weisuo(garrisons)ranging from the coast to the border and from the hinterland to the frontier,the aim was to combine military affairs with agriculture and to defend the land through farmland reclamation.Later,to ensure a smooth“communication line”and maintain stable rule in the Southwest region,the Ming court further strengthened the military defense.Around the“Shengmiao district”(Shengmiao,or“raw Miao”,often referred to Miao people who long adhered to their traditional way of life with a minimal external contact)in the Xiang-Qian border area,“twenty-four Bao”(forts)were set up,which changed the previous pattern of defense.Accordingly,military-defense-related immigration was carried out in an orderly manner.This reorganization can be regarded as the Ming court's initial fine-tuning of the military-defense layout based on the geographical pattern and ethnic development in the Xiang-Qian border area.Gradually,from the mid-Ming Dynasty onwards,most Weisuo had become decrepit and were unable to undertake military defense tasks.As a result,the Ming Court gradually began to implement the“Shengzhen Yingbing Zhi system”(or Provincial-Town Battalion System)based on the Weisuo.Many indigenous people in the Xiang-Qian border lands were recruited into this military-defense team,causing the structure of the military defense personnel to evolve into a combination of Han and other ethnicities.In the 43rd year of the Wanli period,Cai Fuyi presid

关 键 词：军防 移民 族群交互 湘黔边 

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