论情势变更原则中再交涉制度的法律构造  

On the Legal Construction of the Renegotiation in the Change of Circumstances

作　　者：韩富鹏 HAN Fupeng

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学法学院

出　　处：《经贸法律评论》2025年第2期18-38,共21页Business and Economic Law Review

基　　金：中央民族大学2024年度专项项目“研究阐释全国民族团结进步表彰大会重要讲话精神”(项目批准号:2024CSZX35)。

摘　　要：《民法典》第533条在情势变更规范中首次引入了再交涉制度,就再交涉制度的法律构造,学界存在“前置程序说”“义务说”“权利说”“不真正义务说”“权利义务混合说”“倡导性规范说”等诸多观点,尚未形成理论共识,有必要予以进一步厘清。从制度功能来看,再交涉制度的首要功能在于提升当事人协商成功的概率,以尊重自治、鼓励交易、强化合作、实现效率最大化,附属功能在于协商失败时为法院或仲裁机构变更或解除合同提供必要的信息和事实依据。学界现有的制度构造方案均无法充分实现再交涉制度的应然功能,有必要转换视角寻求新的方案。再交涉制度可采强制调解说的制度构造。情势变更后当事人起诉变更或解除合同的,人民法院或者仲裁机构应当先行调解,调解不成的方能作出变更或者解除合同的裁判。相较于其他方案,强制调解说的构造最能充分实现再交涉制度的功能。Article 533 of the Civil Code introduces the renegotiation for the first time in the change of circumstances.There are many views in the academic community,such as‘pre-procedure theory’,‘obligation theory’,‘rights theory’,‘unreal obligation theory’,‘mixed rights and obligations theory’,‘advocacy norm theory’,etc.,which need to be further clarified.From the perspective of institutional function,the primary function of the renegotiation is to enhance the probability of successful negotiation between the parties in order to respect autonomy,encourage transactions,strengthen cooperation and maximise efficiency,and the subsidiary function is to provide the necessary information and factual basis for the court or arbitration institution to change or terminate the contract when the negotiation fails.Existing institutional construction programmes in the academic world are unable to fully achieve the due function of the renegotiation,and it is necessary to change the perspective and seek new programmes.The renegotiation can adopt the institutional structure of compulsory conciliation.After the change of circumstances,if the party sues to change or rescind the contract,the people’s court or arbitration institution shall first conciliate,and only if the conciliation fails shall the decision to change or rescind the contract be made.Compared with other options,the mandatory conciliation construction can most fully realise the function of the renegotiation.

关 键 词：情势变更 再交涉 强制调解 合意促成 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]