政府资助对慈善捐赠和志愿服务的有条件挤出/挤入模型:来自中国社会服务机构的证据  

A conditional crowd out/in model of government funding on giving of money and time:evidence from social service organizations in China

作　　者：吴中盛 董强[2] 戴一鸣(译) Wu Zhongsheng;Dong Qiang

机构地区：[1]浙江大学公共管理学院,杭州310058 [2]中国农业大学人文与发展学院,北京100083

出　　处：《公益研究》2025年第2期112-133,138,共23页

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助。

摘　　要：已有研究探索了政府资助对非营利组织获得的捐赠的影响,提出并检验了挤出、挤入和倒U形等不同的理论模型。然而,对于政府资助是否以及在何种条件下挤出或挤入金钱捐赠仍未达成共识,对于政府资助是否以及如何影响时间捐赠也知之甚少,且来自西方情境的证据可能不适用于非西方情境。本研究基于随机选取的中国社会服务机构样本,提出了一个更为精细和复杂的政府资助对非营利组织获得捐赠的有条件的挤出/挤入模型,并将其扩展到中国情境中的金钱和时间捐赠。基于工具变量的扩展回归模型结果表明,政府资助挤出了金钱捐赠,而政府资助的依赖程度对金钱捐赠具有倒U形效应。此外,政府资助及其依赖程度对时间捐赠都有曲线挤出效应。更重要的是,政府资助的水平和依赖程度对金钱和时间捐赠都有显著的交互作用。这些新发现对已有文献具有重要的理论贡献,并且对政策制定者和非营利组织管理者具有重要的实际意义。Existing literature has studied the impact of government funding on donations to nonprofits,proposing and testing different theoretical models,including crowd-out,crowd-in,and inverted U-shaped models.However,there is no consensus regarding whether or under what conditions government funding crowds out or crowds in donations to nonprofits,and little is known regarding whether and how government funding influences time donations.Existing evidence focuses on Western contexts and may not be applicable to non-Western contexts.This study used a random sample of Chinese social service organizations and proposed a more nuanced and complex conditional crowd-out/in model of government funding on donations to nonprofits,extending the testing to both financial and time donations in China.The results from extended regression models with instrumental variables indicate that government funding levels crowd out money donations,while dependence on government funding has an inverted U-shaped effect on money donations.Both the level of and dependence on government funding have curvilinear crowding-out effects on time donations.More importantly,the level of and dependence on government funding have significant interactive effects on both money and time donations.These novel findings make significant theoretical contributions to the literature and have important practical implications for policymakers and nonprofit managers.

关 键 词：挤出 挤入 政府资助 慈善捐赠 志愿服务 社会服务机构 

分 类 号：D632.9[政治法律—政治学] C913.7[政治法律—中外政治制度]