美国海洋空间规划体系特征与启示  

Inspirations From the Study on the Characteristics of the United States Marine Spatial Planning

作　　者：何佳惠 孙华烨 张昊丹 郭雨晨 HE Jiahui;SUN Huayc;ZHANG Haodan;GUO Yuchen(Guangdong Center for Marine Development Research,Guangzhou 510275,China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai),Zhuhai 519082,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省海洋发展规划研究中心,广州510275 [2]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海),珠海519082

出　　处：《海洋开发与管理》2024年第12期14-23,共10页Ocean Development and Management

基　　金：广东省海域精细化管理项目(2024年);广东省海岸带综合保护与利用规划修编专项项目;自然资源部国土空间规划体系重大问题补充研究课题子项(TC2101051/7).

摘　　要：海岸带规划作为管理海洋空间的重要政策工具,对于实现海岸带可持续发展具有重要意义。我国国土空间规划体系下,海洋空间规划仍在健全完善阶段。美国海洋空间规划起步较早,自20世纪70年代起,逐步形成由国家海洋空间规划政策框架、区域海洋空间规划和州海洋空间规划3个层级构成的海洋空间规划体系。文章阐述了美国海洋空间规划体系发展历程,重点选取《东北区域海洋规划》以及东北区域的《马萨诸塞州海洋规划》与《罗得岛海洋特殊区域管理规划》进行案例分析,分析总结其在制度建立、数据支撑、规划协调等方面的特征。同时,结合我国海岸带规划体系建立的具体情况,就如何推动海洋空间规划体系建设提出建议。Coastal zone planning,as a pivotal policy tool for marine management,holds signifi-cant importance in realizing sustainable development within the coastal zone.InChina's territo-rial spatial planning system,marine spatia.planigl nl anninr Since the I970s.it has graduallyUnited States has had an early start in marine spatial planning.Since the 1970s,it has gradually formed a marine spatial planning system consisting ol the national marine spatial planning policyframework,regional marine spatial planning,and state marine spatial planning.This paper out-lines the development of the marine spatial planning system in the United States,and conducts cases analysis ofl the Northeast Ocean Plan,the Massachusetts cean Ianag enthe institutionalRhode Island Ocean Special Area Management Plan.l he analysi.s deIves n.t uhe nuffainT inunestablishment,data support,and planning coordination aspects of these initiatives,oflering in-sights into the characteristics.Furthermore,drawing on the specific context ol theestablishment of China's coastal zone planning system,the article presents recommendationsaimed at advancing the development of the marine spatial planning system.

关 键 词：国土空间规划 海岸带规划 体系特征 美国 

分 类 号：P74[天文地球—海洋科学] TU98[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]