焊接电流对Ni60/Cr_(3)C_(2)等离子堆焊层组织及性能的影响  

Effect of Welding Current on Microstructure and Properties of Ni60/Cr_(3)C_(2)Plasma Surfacing Layer

作　　者：张宇 唐彪 马藤 毕力格 周恒 ZHANG Yu;TANG Biao;MA Teng;BI Lige;ZHOU Heng(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Jiamusi University,Jiamusi 154007,China;School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]佳木斯大学材料科学与工程学院,佳木斯154007 [2]北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《机械工程材料》2025年第3期74-80,共7页Materials For Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：黑龙江省教育厅基本科研业务费资助项目(2023-KYYWF-0561)。

摘　　要：以Ni60合金粉末+质量分数20%Cr_(3)C_(2)粉末作为堆焊粉末,采用等离子堆焊技术在Q235低碳钢表面制备单道Ni60/Cr_(3)C_(2)堆焊层,研究了焊接电流(110~140 A)对堆焊层宏观形貌、显微组织、硬度及耐磨性能的影响。结果表明:Ni60/Cr_(3)C_(2)堆焊层与基体间形成良好的冶金结合。当焊接电流增大至130 A,堆焊层表面变得光滑平整,成形质量变好,但当焊接电流过高(140 A)时,表面出现氧化烧损现象,成形质量变差。随着焊接电流的增加,堆焊层的熔高、熔深、熔宽、稀释率均增大。110 A焊接电流下的堆焊层由γ-Ni(Fe)、Cr_(7)C_(3)和CrB相组成,随着焊接电流的增加,铬化合物种类增多,130,140 A焊接电流下由γ-Ni(Fe)、Cr_(7)C_(3)、CrB、Cr_(23)C_(6)和Cr_(3)C_(2)相组成;随着焊接电流的增加,堆焊层组织先细化后粗化,碳化物数量先增加后减少,硬度先升后降,磨损质量损失先减后增。当焊接电流为130 A时,堆焊层无明显缺陷,成形质量良好,堆焊层组织最细小,碳化物数量最多且出现了以碳化铬为中心的花状形貌组织,堆焊层的硬度最高,磨损质量损失最小,磨粒磨损程度最轻。With Ni60 alloy power+20wt%Cr_(3)C_(2)powder as surfacing powder,a single-pass Ni60/Cr_(3)C_(2)surfacing layer was prepared on the surface of Q235 low carbon steel by plasma surfacing technology.The effects of welding current(110‒140 A)on the macromorphology,microstructure,hardness and wear resistance of the surfacing layer were studied.The results show that the Ni60/Cr_(3)C_(2)surfacing layer exhibited a good metallurgical bond with the substrate.When the welding current increased to 130 A,the surface of the surfacing layer became smooth and flat,and the forming quality became good;when the welding current was too high(140 A),the surface oxidation and burning appeared,and the forming quality deteriorated.With the increase of welding current,the melting height,melting depth,melting width and dilution rate of the surfacing layer all increased.The surfacing layer under 110 A welding current was composed ofγ-Ni(Fe),Cr_(7)C_(3)and CrB phases.With the increase of welding current,the types of chromium compounds increased.The surfacing layers under 130,140 A welding currents were composed ofγ-Ni(Fe),Cr_(7)C_(3),CrB,Cr_(23)C_(6)and Cr_(3)C_(2)phases.With the increase of welding current,the structure of the surfacing layer was refined first and then coarsened,the number of carbides and the hardness of the surfacing layer first increased and then decreased,and the wear mass loss first decreased and then increased.When the welding current was 130 A,the surfacing layer had good forming quality without obvious defects,and had the finest structure,the largest number of carbides,the flower-like structure centered on chromium carbide,the highest hardness,the least wear mass loss,and the lightest abrasive wear degree.

关 键 词：等离子堆焊 Ni60/Cr_(3)C_(2)堆焊层 焊接电流 硬度 耐磨性能 

分 类 号：TG456.2[金属学及工艺—焊接] TG455