法典化视域中的生态保护修复及规范建构  

Ecological Protection and Restoration and Normative Construction from the Perspective of Codification

作　　者：陈海嵩[1,2] CHEN Haisong(Institute of Environmental Law,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学环境法研究所,武汉430072 [2]兰州大学

出　　处：《南京师大学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期14-24,共11页Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“新时代生态文明建设目标评价考核制度优化研究”(22&ZD138)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：生态保护修复是生态文明建设中的一项重要制度措施,在实践中取得了较大进步,但仍然面临着矿山修复治理不达标、虚假修复、湿地修复滞后、人工防护林退化等突出问题,需要在生态环境法典编纂中加以专门考虑和妥善规范。目前,我国生态保护修复中存在不同主管部门职责的交叉重叠问题,生态保护修复成效评估工作推进机制不畅,生态保护修复监督机制有待完善,生态保护修复中的中央—地方财权分配问题需要理清。对此,生态环境法典编纂工作应立足于现有法律依据和生态保护修复实践,根据立法论的要求,以“生态保护修复的总体职责+分领域生态保护修复要求”的思路形成体系化的制度构造,包括:主管部门在生态保护修复规划编制以及重大生态保护修复项目组织实施、动态监测、监督检查、项目验收、效果评估上的职责;中央政府和地方政府在生态保护修复资金上的主要职责,鼓励社会资金参与;地方人民政府在森林、草原、湿地、海洋、河湖、矿区生态保护修复上的任务。Ecological protection and restoration is a critical institutional measure in advancing ecological civilization.Despite significant progress in practice,it continues to face prominent challenges,including inadequate mine restoration,superficial restoration efforts,delayed wetland restoration,and the degradation of artificial protective forests.These issues necessitate special consideration in the codification of the Ecological and Environmental Code.Currently,the field of ecological protection and restoration is plagued by overlapping responsibilities among different regulatory authorities,ambiguous effectiveness in performance evaluation,insufficient supervision mechanisms,and unclear financial authority distribution between central and local governments.To address these challenges,the Ecological and Environmental Code should be grounded in existing legal frameworks and practical experiences.Guided by legislative principles,it should establish a systematic institutional framework based on the concept of“comprehensive responsibilities for ecological protection and restoration+sector-specific requirements”.This framework should include:the responsibilities of competent authorities in drafting ecological protection and restoration plans,organizing and implementing major restoration projects,conducting dynamic monitoring,enforcing supervision,overseeing project acceptance,and evaluating outcomes;the primary financial responsibilities of central and local governments in funding ecological protection and restoration,while encouraging private sector participation;and the specific tasks of local governments in protecting and restoring forests,grasslands,wetlands,marine environments,rivers,lakes,and mining areas.

关 键 词：生态环境法典编纂 生态保护修复 政府职责 立法论 

分 类 号：D922.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]