从开创“文明的现代化”到成就“现代化的文明”——论马克思对资本主义文明的三重超越及其当代启示  

From Pioneering the“Modernization of Civilization”to Achieving“Civilization of Modernization”:On Marx's Triple Transcendence of Capitalist Civilization and Its Contemporary Implications

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作  者:黄学胜 刘淑仪 HUANG Xuesheng;LIU Shuyi(School of Marxism,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275)

机构地区:[1]中山大学马克思主义学院,广州510275

出  处:《南京师大学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期76-85,共10页Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基  金:广东省哲学社会科学规划一般项目“《资本论》及其手稿的伦理思想研究”(GD24CMK12)的阶段性成果。

摘  要:共产主义文明是对资本主义文明所开启的文明现代化的革命性变革,代表了真正意义上的现代化文明。马克思对资本主义文明的超越既有对启蒙运动以降众多文明理论的扬弃,又有对诸种资本主义文明病症的批判,实现了从文明的现代化到现代化的文明的转化。通过考察马克思在生产方式、生态境遇、生命样态的维度对资本主义文明的超越,揭示资本主义在经济、生态、社会等领域对人类文明的压迫,说明资本主义文明虽然是文明现代化的起点,但却是一种虚假的现代化文明。反观共产主义文明由于秉承人与劳动的共生性、人与自然的和谐性、时间与空间的社会性等文明原则,从而成就了一种真实普遍的现代化文明。在新时期重新领会马克思具有超越性质的文明观,有助于坚持对马克思主义文明理论的守正创新,对于深刻理解中国式现代化文明观,建构人类文明新形态及其话语体系具有重要的现实意义。Communist civilization represents a revolutionary transformation of the modernization of civilization initiated by capitalist civilization,embodying a truly modern form of civilization.Marx's transcendence of capitalist civilization is manifested not only in his theoretical sublation of various theories of civilization since the Enlightenment but also in his practical critique of the pathologies inherent in capitalist civilization.This dual approach provides a new framework for understanding the development of world civilization,fundamentally achieving the shift from the“modernization of civilization”to the“civilization of modernization”.By examining Marx's transcendence of capitalist civilization in terms of production modes,ecological conditions,and forms of life,this paper reveals how capitalism dominates and controls human civilization in economic,ecological,and social spheres.While capitalist civilization marks the starting point of modernization,it ultimately represents a false form of modern civilization.In contrast,communist civilization,grounded in principles such as the symbiosis of humans and labor,the harmony between humans and nature,and the social nature of time and space,achieves a genuinely universal modern civilization.Revisiting Marx's transcendent view of civilization in the contemporary era is crucial for upholding and innovating Marxist civilizational theory.It holds significant practical implications for deepening our understanding of the Chinese approach to modern civilization and for constructing a new form of human civilization and its corresponding discourse system.

关 键 词:资本主义文明 共产主义文明 文明的现代化 现代化的文明 

分 类 号:A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]

 

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