应急响应的成功之道:相称性与应急议程设置  

The Road to a Successful Emergency Response:Proportionality and Emergency Agenda Setting

作　　者：王家峰 WANG Jiafeng(National Security and Emergency Management Research Center,Department of Political Science/Department of Emergency Management,,Nanjing 210023;School of Public Administration,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学国家安全与应急管理研究中心,南京210023 [2]南京师范大学公共管理学院,南京210023

出　　处：《南京师大学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期110-121,共12页Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金国家应急管理体系建设研究专项“公共决策视角下重大疫情的应急响应机制研究”(20VYJ065)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：寻找应急响应的成功之道一直以来都是应急管理研究的核心议题之一。然而现有的研究却过于关注响应失灵问题,疏于研究应急响应成功,不仅缺少关于成功的定义,也缺少对成功机制的探讨。当然,成功很难研究,因为在政策领域界定成功往往会面临理论上的分歧和立场上的对立。为了解决这个问题,有必要从元理论层面出发,将相称性视为应急响应成功的标准,并结合中国应急管理的制度语境,建构一个关于判断应急响应成功与否的分析框架。根据这个框架,应急响应成功的关键就在于,当突发事件将要或正在发生时,政府要能够在正确的时间做正确的事情。这意味着应急议程设置成为决定应急响应能否取得成功的关键环节:如果特定层级的政府及其部门能在事发时,有效地设置应急议程,实现问题与方案的即时耦合,那么突发事件将会得到成功处理。因此,那些推动问题与方案耦合的政策机制就成为应急响应成功的核心机制。The search for the keys to successful emergency response has long been one of the core topics in emergency management research.However,the previous studies have overly focused on the issue of response failures while neglecting the study of successful emergency responses.As a result,there is not only a clear definition of success but also a dearth of exploration into the mechanisms underlying success.Admittedly,success is difficult to study,as defining success in the policy realm often gives rise to theoretical disagreements and opposing stances.To address this issue,this paper starts from the meta-theoretical level,regards proportionality as the criterion for successful emergency response,and constructs a systematic analytical framework for judging the success of emergency response,taking into account the institutional context of China s emergency management.According to this framework,the key to a successful emergency response lies in the government s ability to do the right thing at the right time when an emergency is about to occur or is in progress.This implies that emergency agenda-setting has become a crucial link in determining the success of an emergency response.If a government at a specific level and its departments can effectively set the emergency agenda,achieving an immediate coupling of problems and solutions,then the emergency will be successfully handled.Therefore,the policy mechanisms that promote the coupling of problems and solutions become the core mechanisms for successful emergency response.

关 键 词：应急响应 成功之道 相称性 应急议程 即时耦合 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]