“半殖民地”的赋意历程与概念生成逻辑  

The Semantic Evolution and Conceptual Genesis of“Semi-Colony”

作　　者：李永东[1] LI Yongdong(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715)

机构地区：[1]西南大学文学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《南京师大学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期145-155,共11页Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：全国文化名家暨“四个一批”人才资助项目“半殖民与解殖民的中国现代文学”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“半殖民地”概念带有“以今律古”的意味,需要立足于中国历史予以重新审视。“半殖民地”既是对客观社会存在的描述,也是主观赋意的产物,在不同时期被赋予了不同的内涵和意义。在民族主义有碍无产阶级国际团结的欧战背景下,列宁首次提出“半殖民地”概念,将国族关系转化为阶级斗争关系,旨在反对资产阶级以建立无产阶级专政的社会主义。在国内,“半殖民地”概念通过“转义”的方式,突破了列强与半殖民地之间的界限,脱离了殖民的主客体关系,但契合了内外联动的新民主主义革命的理论建构需要,成为了无产阶级反帝革命的理论基石。“半殖民地”研究有必要克服“以今律古”的惯性思维,多维度考察近代中国历史状况,以开辟“半殖民”文化和文学研究的新路径。The concept of“semi-colony”carries implications of“presentism”and necessitates a thorough reexamination grounded in Chinese historical contexts.As both a descriptor of objective social reality and a product of subjective meaning-making,“semi-colony”has been imbued with varying connotations across different historical periods.Originating in the context of World War I,where nationalism posed challenges to proletarian international solidarity,Lenin first articulated the concept of“semi-colony”,thereby transforming international relations into a framework of class struggle.This conceptual innovation aimed to counter bourgeois hegemony and establish a socialist proletarian dictatorship.Within the Chinese context,the concept underwent a process of semantic transformation,transcending the traditional binary between colonial powers and their subjects.While departing from conventional colonial subject-object relations,this reconceptualization aligned with the theoretical imperatives of the New Democratic Revolution,emphasizing the interplay between domestic and international forces.Consequently,“semi-colony”emerged as a theoretical cornerstone for proletarian anti-imperialist revolution.Future research on“semi-colony”must overcome presentist tendencies and adopt a multidimensional approach to analyzing modern Chinese history,thereby opening new avenues for the study of semi-colonial culture and literature.

关 键 词：半殖民地 殖民地 以今律古 主观赋意 无产阶级革命 

分 类 号：I206[文学—中国文学] D61[政治法律—政治学]