中国特色慈善事业的理论建构与实践发展  

Theoretical Construction and Practical Development of Philanthropy with Chinese Characteristics

作　　者：郑功成[1] Zheng Gongcheng

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学中国社会保障研究中心,北京100872

出　　处：《公益研究》2025年第1期4-11,134,共9页

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国社会保障制度建设与发展战略研究”(编号:24SGA001)。

摘　　要：没有成熟的理论指导,不可能有成功的慈善事业。中国慈善事业发展总体滞后与其崇尚欧美慈善而缺乏适合国情的理论指导密切相关。基于自愿捐献应尊崇传统文化的理论逻辑、中外慈善发展路径差异的历史逻辑和中国现阶段慈善实践的现实逻辑,中国迫切需要建构具有中国特色的理论体系。中国特色慈善事业的理论特质应当是慈善原色、现代性底色、中国本土本色“三色同构”,即“慈善的‘自愿、公益’原则+现代慈善的‘平等、法治’特征+中国特色社会主义制度烙印与中华传统慈善文化基因”。中国特色慈善事业的体系结构宜采取“基础”+“主体”+“补充”三位一体的大慈善架构,即以扎根基层、广泛动员的社区慈善为宽厚的基础,以组织化、专业化的现代慈善为主体,以个人网络求助及其他民间自发互助等为补充的格局。面向未来,中国特色慈善事业发展取向应当是扎实推动慈善理论创新、扎实推进慈善政策完善、扎实推进慈善实践发展三管齐下,以实现人心向善、人人行善、各类慈善形态百舸争流的全新局面。Without mature theoretical guidance,there can be no successful philanthropy.The overall lag in the development of China's philanthropy is closely related to its admiration for European and American philanthropic models and the lack of theoretically grounded guidance tailored to national conditions.Based on the theoretical logic of respecting traditional culture in voluntary donations,the historical logic of differences in philanthropic development paths between China and foreign countries,and the practical logic of current philanthropic practices in China,there is an urgent need for China to construct a theoretical system with Chinese characteristics.The theoretical traits of Chinese-style philanthropy should embody a“tricolor structure”integrating the primal colors of philanthropy,the modern undertones,and the indigenous Chinese characteristics,namely,“the principles of voluntariness and public welfare in philanthropy+the characteristics of equality and rule of law in modern philanthropy+the imprint of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and the genes of traditional Chinese philanthropic culture”.The architectural structure of Chinesestyle philanthropy should adopt a trinitarian“base+mainstay+supplement”framework,with grassroots-based and widely mobilized community philanthropy serving as the solid foundation,organized and professional modern philanthropy as the mainstay,and individual online fundraising and other spontaneous mutual aid initiatives as the supplement.Looking ahead,the development orientation of Chinese-style philanthropy should focus on solidly promoting theoretical innovation in philanthropy,advancing policy improvement,and enhancing practical development in a threepronged approach,ultimately realizing a new landscape where people are inclined towards goodness,everyone engages in philanthropic acts,and various forms of philanthropy thrive in competition.

关 键 词：慈善事业 中国特色 基本逻辑 三色同构 三位一体 三管齐下 

分 类 号：C913.7[经济管理] D632.9[社会学]