考虑平行进口下区块链追溯对企业跨国IP授权影响和策略分析  

Blockchain traceability on enterprises’cross-border IP licensing under parallel importation

作　　者：黎继子 李刘迪 王勇 Li Jizi;Li Liudi;Wang Yong(School of Management,Wuhan University of Science&Technology,Wuhan 430081,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉科技大学管理学院,武汉430081

出　　处：《计算机应用研究》2025年第4期995-1002,共8页Application Research of Computers

摘　　要：区块链IP(知识产权)追溯正成为当前研究的热点。为探讨“灰色市场”(也称平行进口,是指正品在未经IP所有人许可下进入另一个国家)背景下,IP授权后采用区块链追溯对授权制造商和被授权制造商的决策影响,基于博弈论分析方法,构建单寡头垄断市场的Stackelberg博弈模型,运用逆向归纳法进行求解。结果表明,在没有灰色市场存在情形下,IP授权处于早期阶段时,领先制造商实施区块链进行IP追溯意愿不强,但当IP授权处于中期,区块链追溯IP的意愿逐步增大;而在存在灰色市场情形下,领先制造商只有通过调节单位IP授权费分摊至制造商之间时,才能促使企业实施区块链追溯IP,降低领先制造商区块链追溯成本,也能同时有利于双方利润提高。数值分析表明,灰色市场下,不采取区块链追溯会损害制造商利润,而采取区块链虽不能完全消除损害,但能减轻影响。IP授权费受平行进口和区块链成本影响而上升。制造商的区块链采用决策需根据灰色市场折现值灵活调整。结论如下:当不存在平行进口(灰色市场)时,领先制造商总有动机进行IP授权,并根据采取区块链成本决定区块链追溯策略;当平行进口IP产品(灰色市场)进入市场后,领先制造商可以通过观察平行进口产品折现值,来决定其IP授权和区块链追溯策略。Blockchain IP(intellectual property)traceability is becoming a hot topic in current research.In order to explore the impact of blockchain traceability on the decision-making of licensed and licensed manufacturers after IP licensing under the background of‘grey market’(also known as parallel importation,which referred to the entry of genuine products into another country without the permission of the IP owner),this paper constructed a Stackelberg game model for a single-oligopoly market based on the method of game theory analysis,which was solved by the backward induction method.It solved the game model by applying the inverse induction method.The results show that in the absence of grey market,when IP licensing was in the early stage,the leading manufacturer’s willingness to implement blockchain for IP traceability is not strong,but when IP licensing was in the middle stage,the willingness of blockchain for IP traceability gradually increases;and in the presence of grey market,the leading manufacturer could only motivate the enterprise to implement blockchain for IP traceability by adjusting the unit of IP licensing fee to be distributed to manufacturers,which reduced the leading manufacturer’s blockchain for IP traceability.IP,reducing the cost of blockchain traceability for the leading manufacturer,and at the same time benefiting the profits of both parties.The numerical analysis reveals that,in the presence of a gray market,failing to adopt blockchain tra-cing can hurt manufacturers’profits,whereas adopting blockchain,though not eliminating the harm entirely,can mitigate its impact.IP licensing fees rise in response to parallel imports and blockchain costs.Manufacturers need to adjust their blockchain adoption strategies flexibly based on the discount value of the gray market.The conclusion is as follows:when there is no parallel import(grey market),the leading manufacturer always has an incentive to license IP and decide its blockchain traceability strategy based on the cost of adopting blockchain;w

关 键 词：区块链追溯 IP授权 许可费率 平行进口 跨国经营 

分 类 号：F506[经济管理—产业经济]