土的基本特性及本构关系  

Fundamental behaviors and constitutive relationships of soil

作　　者：杨仲轩[1] 廖栋 钱建固[2] 王剑锋[3] 王睿[4] 郭宁[1] Yang Zhongxuan;Liao Dong;Qian Jiangu;Wang Jianfeng;Wang Rui;Guo Ning(Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;City University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong 999077,China;Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学,浙江杭州310058 [2]同济大学,上海200092 [3]香港城市大学,中国香港九龙999077 [4]清华大学,北京100084

出　　处：《土木工程学报》2025年第4期88-107,共20页China Civil Engineering Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51825803)。

摘　　要：土是土木工程中应用非常广泛的一种天然材料,其基本特性及本构关系是土力学及岩土工程研究的核心内容。文中对土的一些重要基本特性,如压硬性、状态相关性、剪胀性、各向异性、结构性的试验观察规律及相关模拟手段进行论述。重点介绍最新的一些试验技术及离散元方法在土体特性研究中的应用,及其对本构模型构建的启示。最后以剑桥模型、状态相关模型、边界面模型、亚塑性模型以及基于机器学习的本构模型等为例,介绍现有一些重要的本构模型框架及其适用性和特点。As a natural material,the soil is extensively used in the civil engineering.Understanding the fundamental behaviors of soils and their constitutive relationships of soils is essential in soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering.This paper introduces experimental observations and constitutive modelling techniques related to the intrinsic features of soils,such as barotropy,pycnotopy,dilatancy,anisotropy,and microstructure fabric.Recent advancements in investigating the soil behavior through advanced experimental techniques and discrete element methods are discussed,along with their applications in developing constitutive models.Finally,the article provides a comprehensive review of the development of several representative constitutive models,e.g.,Cam-clay model,state-dependent models,boundary surface models,hypoplastic models,and data-driven machine learning models.

关 键 词：土 基本特性 本构关系 内结构 模型框架 研究进展 

分 类 号：TU43[建筑科学—岩土工程]