少数民族流动人口的就业质量研究  

Study on the Employment Quality of Ethnic Minorities Floating Population

作　　者：杨菊华 YANG Ju-hua

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学,北京100081

出　　处：《青海民族研究》2025年第1期172-184,共13页Qinghai Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：研究阐释党的二十大精神国家社科基金重大项目“人口规模巨大的现代化:时空特征、机遇挑战与路径机制研究”(批准号:23ZDA019)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：就业是最大的民生,就业质量是更好的民生,高就业质量意味着高品质生活。利用“流动人口动态监测调查”数据,借助多重比较视角,多维度检视少数民族流动人口的就业质量及其影响要素。结果发现:一是就业质量的差别既见于少数民族与汉族流动人口、更见于不同民族流动人口之间,既因流动身份而趋同,也因民族属性而独特;二是就业质量模式呈现出明显的地域模式,东北和北方民族的就业质量更高,西部民族流动人口的就业质量更低;三是民族属性及与此相关的流动特征、较低的人力资本禀赋等,构成制约流动人口就业质量的要因。为此,流入地应将提升少数民族流动人口的就业质量置于城市民族工作的总体框架中予以审视,有针对性地破除少数民族人口流动地域与市场参与的双重制约,通过基础教育和技能培训双重手段,改善其资本禀赋与就业能力,夯实就业质量提升之基。Ethnic Minorities floating populations are the vanguard and significant facilitators in fostering the consciousness of Chinese national community;understanding and enhancing their employment quality will establish a solid foundation for this endeavor.Employment quality is a crucial indicator of the well-being and development of floating populations,including ethnic minorities within the host society.Utilizing data from the Migrant Dynamics Surveillance Survey and employing a dual comparative perspective,this paper examines the employment quality of the ethnic Minorities floating population,assessed through occupational prestige,labor protection,wage income,and social security,and investigates the factors associated with employment quality.The differences in employment quality are not merely observed between ethnic minorities and the Han floating population,but are more pronounced among different ethnic Minorities groups.Generally,the quality of employment is lower for ethnic minorities in the western regions.Ethnicity itself,migration characteristics,and the low employ ability resulting from inadequate human capital endowments collectively constrains employment quality.The enhancement of employment quality for the Minorities floating population should be encompassed within the comprehensive framework aimed at improving the employment quality of the migrant population.Moreover,to enhance the employ ability and quality of employment for the ethnic floating population,it is crucial to improve the human capital endowments of the Minorities floating population,encourage intra-provincial migration,and focus on the Minorities floating population in the western region.

关 键 词：人口流动 少数民族流动人口 就业质量 经济整合 社会融入 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]