考虑多充电桩排队和时间窗的电动货车路径规划  

Electric Truck Route Planning Considering Multiple Charging Pile Queues and Time Windows

作　　者：胡路[1,2] 乐诗彤 朱娟秀[2,3] HU Lu;LE Shitong;ZHU Juanxiu(School of Transportation and Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;National Engineering Laboratory of Integrated Transportation Big Data Application Technology,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;School of Management,Xihua University,Chengdu 610039,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学交通运输与物流学院,四川成都610031 [2]西南交通大学综合交通大数据应用技术国家工程实验室,四川成都610031 [3]西华大学管理学院,四川成都610039

出　　处：《西南交通大学学报》2025年第2期299-307,共9页Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(62203367)。

摘　　要：在带时间窗的电动货车路径规划问题(EVRPTW)中,电动货车(EV)在前往充电站充电时可能需要排队.为研究不同充电站配置方案对车辆路径和系统性能的影响,首先构建排队模型,刻画充电站中的排队现象;在EVRPTW基础上,综合考虑电量和流量约束,建立路径优化模型,并将充电站排队模型嵌入其中;优化目标包括最小化车辆耗电成本、司机工资、时间窗惩罚成本、充电桩总成本;为求解该模型,提出一种结合节约里程(C-W)和改进大邻域搜索(LNS)的混合启发式算法,其中,充电站的系统性能指标采用递归算法获得.18组实验结果表明:同步增加充电桩数量可将车辆单次充电的平均排队时间控制在1~5 min,并有效减少2.6%~21.0%的总成本;增加充电站数量可缩短排队时间,但会增加整体路径总成本;当客户时间窗较短或服务时间较长时,充电桩数量变化对时间窗满足的影响更为显著.In the electric truck route planning problem with time windows,electric trucks may need to queue up when they go to charging stations for charging.To study the impact of different charging station configuration schemes on vehicle route planning and system performance,the queuing model was first built to describe the queuing phenomenon at charging stations.Then,a route optimization model was established by considering the power and flow constraints based on the electric truck route planning problem with time windows,with the queuing model of charging stations embedded into the optimization model.The optimization goals included minimizing vehicle power consumption costs,driver’s wages,penalty costs of time windows,and total costs of all charging piles.To solve the model,a hybrid heuristic algorithm combining mileage saving(C-W)and improved large neighborhood search(LNS)was designed,and the system performance metrics of charging stations were obtained by a recursive algorithm.18 sets of experimental results show that increasing the number of charging piles simultaneously can control the average queuing time of a vehicle for charging within 1-5 minutes and effectively reduce the total cost by 2.6%-21.0%;increasing the number of charging stations can reduce the queuing time but increase the total cost of the entire route;when the customer time window is short,or the service time is long,the change in the number of charging piles has a more significant impact on the satisfaction of the time window.

关 键 词：物流 电动货车 充电站 混合启发式算法 递归算法 

分 类 号：U492[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]