小型化轨旁双频天线设计及其电磁兼容性  

Miniaturized Dual-Band Trackside Antenna Design and Its Electromagnetic Compatibility Study

作　　者：周文颖 许进京 逯迈 李宇新 ZHOU Wenying;XU Jinjing;LU Mai;LI Yuxin(Key Lab of Opt-Electronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry of Education,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lan-zhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学光电技术与智能控制教育部重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《西南交通大学学报》2025年第2期462-471,共10页Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(62161017,61701208);甘肃省教育厅高校科研创新平台重大培育项目(2024CXPT-11);甘肃省联合科研基金项目(24JRRA858)。

摘　　要：为满足隧道内5G通信需求并提高轨旁天线利用率,提出一种基于超材料的双频轨旁天线,该天线具有同时支持列车自动控制系统和民用5G无线通信的能力.首先,根据5G通信部署方案设计小型化双频轨旁天线,并使用有限元法模拟其在小型化前后的电磁特性,评估对隧道内电磁环境及其他辐射源的影响;其次,构建包含躯干、颅骨、大脑、心脏等重要组织的轻量化人体模型,以对比仿真传统单频轨旁天线和小型化双频轨旁天线的辐射对人体组织比吸收率(specific absorption rate,SAR)的影响.研究结果表明:与传统单频轨旁天线相对,小型化双频轨旁天线工作在2.45 GHz和3.40 GHz频段的体积分别减小40%和20%,其周围隧道空间电场分别降低2.09%和6.57%以上,漏泄同轴电缆上的感应电场强度分别减小19.67%和32.41%,天线小型化后降低了对周围辐射源的影响,提高隧道内轨旁天线的电磁兼容性;小型化双频天线使人体躯干、颅骨、大脑、心脏的SAR值分别降低19.76%、46.60%、55.62%、55.28%以上,显著减小了天线对轨旁工作人员的辐射影响.To meet the demand for 5G communication in tunnels and increase the utilization rate of trackside antennas,a dual-band trackside antenna based on metamaterials was proposed,which could support both automatic train control systems and civil 5G wireless communication.First,a miniaturized dual-band trackside antenna was designed based on the 5G communication deployment scheme,and the finite element method was used to simulate the electromagnetic properties of the antenna before and after miniaturization.The impact on the electromagnetic environment and other radiation sources in the tunnel was evaluated.Second,a lightweight human body model containing important tissue such as the trunk,skull,brain,and heart was constructed,so as to compare the effects of radiation on the specific absorption rate(SAR)of human tissue between the simulated traditional single-band trackside antenna and the miniaturized dual-band trackside antenna.The results show that the miniaturized dual-band trackside antenna is 40%and 20%smaller than the traditional single-band trackside antenna when the antenna operates at 2.45 GHz and 3.40 GHz,respectively,and the electric field strength in the surrounding tunnel space is reduced by over 2.09%and 6.57%.The induced electric field strength on the leaky coaxial cable is reduced by 19.67%and 32.41%,respectively.The miniaturization of the antenna effectively reduces the impact on surrounding radiation sources and improves the electromagnetic compatibility of the trackside antenna inside the tunnel.The miniaturized dual-band trackside antenna makes the SAR values absorbed by the trunk,skull,brain,and heart of the human body drop by 19.76%,46.60%,55.62%,and 55.28%,respectively,which significantly decreases the radiation impact of the trackside antenna on occupational groups.

关 键 词：轨旁天线小型化 超材料单元 地铁隧道 电磁兼容 电磁暴露 

分 类 号：U285.2[交通运输工程—交通信息工程及控制] U453.7[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] TN822[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程] TN03[电子电信—信息与通信工程]