极端气候下交通基础设施脆弱性研究综述  

Review of Research on Vulnerability of Transportation Infrastructure to Extreme Climatic Conditions

作　　者：贾宏宇[1,2] 肖楚照 康炜 王传琦[1,4] 郑史雄 JIA Hongyu;XIAO Chuzhao;KANG Wei;WANG Chuanqi;ZHENG Shixiong(School of Civil Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;State Key Laboratory of Bridge Intelligent and Green Construction,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 611756,China;China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710043,China;Southwest Municipal Engineering Design&Research Institute of China,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学土木工程学院,四川成都610031 [2]西南交通大学桥梁智能与绿色建造全国重点实验室,四川成都611756 [3]中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司,陕西西安710043 [4]中国市政工程西南设计研究总院有限公司,四川成都610031

出　　处：《西南交通大学学报》2025年第2期484-502,共19页Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52178169)。

摘　　要：全球气候变化日益剧烈,极端强降水、高温、低温以及干旱等极端气候事件对现有交通基础设施的运行性能造成影响,甚至导致严重损坏.与此同时,随着交通强国战略的深入实施,大量新的交通基础设施在恶劣环境中被建设,新建设施的功能性、耐久性和维护管理面临前所未有的挑战.极端气候荷载变化迅速且难以预测,常常伴随多种灾害的耦合效应,使得交通基础设施在其作用下的破坏机理极为复杂.为确保极端气候条件下交通基础设施的安全和效能,在国内外极端气候及多灾害耦合研究的基础上,系统梳理了极端气候的时空演变、多灾害耦合作用的研究历程以及多重灾害对工程结构的影响机理.在此基础上,明确了极端气候影响的特性,并提出交通基础设施在设计、施工和维护阶段的防灾减灾设计原则.同时,综合总结了在极端气候条件下交通基础设施的多灾害风险评估方法,并对未来的研究方向进行展望,指出利用人工智能和机器学习技术进行极端气候灾害的快速预测和评估,以及在全寿命周期内分析交通基础设施系统性能的变化将成为重要的发展趋势.为桥梁、道路和隧道等交通基础设施在极端气候条件下的抗灾设计、性能评估和韧性提升提供了宝贵的参考.The intensifying global climate change is increasingly affecting the operational performance of existing transportation infrastructure due to extreme climatic events such as heavy precipitation,high temperatures,low temperatures,and drought,leading to severe damage.Meanwhile,with the further implementation of the strategy of building China with a strong transportation network,a significant number of new transportation infrastructure projects are being constructed in harsh environments,posing unprecedented challenges to the functionality,durability,and maintenance management of these new facilities.The characteristics of extreme climate loads include rapid and unpredictable variations,often accompanied by coupled effects of multiple disasters,rendering the mechanisms of damage to transportation infrastructure under their influence highly complex.To ensure the safety and effectiveness of transportation infrastructure under extreme climatic conditions,Chinese and international research on extreme climate and multi-disaster coupling was studied,and the research progress on spatiotemporal evolution of extreme climates and multi-disaster coupling effects was systematically reviewed.The impact mechanisms of multiple disasters on engineering structures were sorted out.Based on this foundation,the characteristics of extreme climate impacts were defined,and disaster prevention and reduction design principles for transportation infrastructure during the design,construction,and maintenance phases were proposed.Furthermore,methods for assessing multi-disaster risks to transportation infrastructure under extreme climatic conditions were comprehensively summarized,and future research was prospected,highlighting the importance of utilizing artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies for rapid prediction and assessment of extreme climatic disasters and analyzing changes in the performance of transportation infrastructure systems throughout their whole life cycle.This research provides valuable references for the dis

关 键 词：极端气候 交通基础设施 多灾害 全寿命周期 抗震韧性 

分 类 号：TU99[建筑科学—市政工程] P429[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]