砂仁叶位叶绿素荧光特性及品种光合能力分析  

The analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and photosynthetic capacity of Amomum villosum Lour at different leaf positions

作　　者：谢瑞红 姚艳丽[2] 安东升 卢碧莹 李妍慧 李文秀 贺军军 Xie Ruihong;Yao Yanli;An Dongsheng;Lu Biying;Li Yanhui;Li Wenxiu;He Junjun(College of Life Science and Technology,Lingnan Normal University,Zhanjiang 524048,China;Guangdong Dry Farming and Water-saving ricultural Engineering Technology Research Center/Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology,Ministry of Agriculture&Rural Affairs,South Subtropical Crop Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science,Zhanjiang 524013,China)

机构地区：[1]岭南师范学院生命科学与技术学院,广东湛江524048 [2]中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所/广东省旱作节水农业工程技术中心/农业农村部热带果树生物学重点实验室,广东湛江524091

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期20-28,共9页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：岭南师范学院校级科研项目2022校级人才专项(ZL22016);湛江市非资助科技攻关计划项目2024年度第一批(2024B01113);2023年省级乡村振兴战略专项种业振兴行动项目(2023-MBH-00-023)。

摘　　要：[目的]准确评价砂仁光合能力,对砂仁不同叶位的光合特性进行研究,有利于研发砂仁优良品种高效配套栽培技术。[方法]以生长2年的‘湛砂11’、‘热科1’和‘热科2’砂仁植株为材料,使用叶绿素荧光仪测定了砂仁不同品种不同叶位的叶绿素荧光特征;利用光合作用对光响应的机理模型,拟合了砂仁不同品种不同叶位光合电子流对光的响应曲线,以揭示其光合作用能力。[结果]砂仁同一植株上、中、下不同叶位间光合作用强度存在明显差异,其中,中上部叶片的光合作用速率明显高于中下部。不同品种间的光合电子传递速率和光响应均存在显著差异,其中‘热科2’功能叶片的光合电子传递速率、光饱和点和最大电子传递速率最高分别为71μmol/(m^(2)·s)、553μmol/(m^(2)·s)和39.89μmol/(m^(2)·s),分别比‘热科1’高12.70%、21.30%和49.71%,比‘湛砂11’高10.17%、28.88%和22.61%。同时,‘热科2’所有叶片的叶绿素含量平均值也明显高于另外2个品种,分别比‘湛砂11’和‘热科1’的高2.46%和18.77%。不同砂仁品种鲜果产量以‘热科1’的最高,其次是‘湛砂11’,‘热科2’的产量最低。‘热科1’的挥发油含量和乙酸龙脑酯含量最高,品质最好。[结论]砂仁中上部叶片是植株的主要功能叶,可作为评价光合能力的代表叶片。砂仁不同品种间光合能力不同,‘热科2’光合能力最高、‘湛砂11’次之、‘热科1’最低。[Objective]The aim of this study was to accurately assess the photosynthetic capacity of Amomum villosum and de-velop efficient cultivation techniques for high-quality A.villosum Varieties.[Methods]Two-year-old plants of A.villosum vari-eties‘Zhansha 11’,‘Reke 1’,and‘Reke 2’were used as experimental materials.Chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics at different leaf positions of the varieties were analyzed using a WALZ MINI-PAM-Ⅱchlorophyll fluorometer.The light response curves of photosynthetic electron flow at different leaf positions were fitted using a mechanistic model of photosynthesis to re-veal their photosynthetic capacity.[Results]Significant differences in photosynthetic intensity were observed among the upper,middle,and lower leaf positions of the same plant,with the photosynthetic rate of middle and upper leaves being significantly higher than that of lower leaves.Significant differences in photosynthetic electron transport rate and photosensitivity were also found among the varieties.The functional leaves of‘Reke2’exhibited the highest photosynthetic electron transport rate,light saturation point,and maximum electron transport rate,reaching 71μmol/(m^(2)·s),553μmol/(m^(2)·s),and 39.89μmol/(m^(2)·s),re-spectively.These values were 12.70%,21.30%,and 49.71%higher than those of‘Reke1’,and 10.17%,28.88%,and 22.61%higher than those of‘Zhansha 11’.Additionally,the average chlorophyll content of all leaves in‘Reke 2’was signifi-cantly higher than that of the other two varieties,being 2.46%and 18.77%higher than that of‘Zhansha 11’and‘Reke 1’,re-spectively.In terms of fresh fruit yield,‘Reke 1’had the highest yield,followed by‘Zhansha 11’,while‘Reke 2’had the low-est yield.‘Reke 1’also exhibited the highest volatile oil content and bornyl acetate content,indicating the best quality.[Conclu-sion]The middle and upper leaves of A.villosum are the main functional leaves of the plant and can be used as representative leaves for evaluating photosynthesis

关 键 词：砂仁 叶位 叶绿素荧光 光合能力 

分 类 号：S567[农业科学—中草药栽培]