不同氮素施用模式对大棚番茄产量和品质的影响  

The effects of different nitrogen application methods on yield and quality of greenhouse tomatoes

作　　者：陈达渝 白炬 李灵芝[1] 李海平[1] 马鑫如 王艳芳[1] 吴预贵 李俊楠 王珂 张春娟 程校琦 Chen Dayu;Bai Ju;Li Lingzhi;Li Haiping;Ma Xinru;Wang Yanfang;Wu Yugui;Li Junnan;Wang Ke;Zhang Chunjuan;Cheng Xiaoqi(College of Horticulture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030801,China;College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030006,China;Shanxi Yuncheng power Technology Co.,Ltd.Yuncheng new source branch,Yuncheng 044000,China;Rixwan(China)Agricultural Technology Co.,LTD.,Qingdao 266000,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学园艺学院,山西晋中030801 [2]山西农业大学资源环境学院,山西太原030006 [3]山西运能电力科技有限公司运城新源分公司,山西运城044000 [4]瑞克斯旺(中国)农业科技有限公司,山东青岛266000

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期29-38,共10页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：山西农业大学“特”“优”农业高质量发展科技支撑工程项目(TYGC23-16);山西农业大学番茄产业研究院项目(XD⁃HZFQY2022-01);山西省农业农村“六新”项目(2021038);校地合作项目(2022QT001)。

摘　　要：[目的]解决塑料大棚番茄生长发育期间施用氮肥不当而引起土壤退化、番茄产量及品质下降的问题。[方法]本试验以番茄品种‘瑞粉882’为试验材料,以农户习惯施肥模式为对照(CK),以无氮、100%尿素、硝酸铵钙肥料替代尿素用量75%、螯合多肽钙镁肥替代尿素用量30%为4种不同氮素施加模式,分别用T1、T2、T3、T4表示,其中T2、T3、T4处理氮元素总量为对照处理氮元素施用量的95%,测定土壤中硝态氮与铵态氮含量、果实产量与品质等指标以比较不同氮素施加效果。[结果]在番茄定植90 d后,T4处理降低土壤中的硝态氮和铵态氮含量,提高0~60 cm土层中有机质含量。T4处理土壤养分的平均隶属函数值为0.763,评价最高。T4处理产量最高,为11.52 kg/m^(2),与T3处理差异不显著,与其它处理差异显著,比CK增加31.64%。T4处理番茄果实的可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和还原型维生素C含量分别比CK提高32.63%、12.00%和10.33%,均与CK存在显著性差异。[结论]螯合多肽钙镁肥替代尿素用量30%处理能有效提高番茄产量和品质,是增加设施土壤肥力、改善土壤养分供给的有效途径。[Objective]This study aimed to address the issues of soil degradation and reduced tomato yield and quality caused by improper nitrogen fertilizer application during the growth period of plastic greenhouses tomatoes.[Methods]In this experiment,the tomato variety‘Ruifen 882’was used as the experimental material.The conventional farmer fertilization practices were used as the control(CK),and four different nitrogen application methods were tested:no nitrogen(T1),100%urea(T2),calcium ammonium nitrate replacing 75%of urea(T3),and chelated polypeptide calcium-magnesium fertilizer replacing 30%of urea(T4).The total nitrogen content in treatments T2,T3,and T4 was 95%of that in the control treatment.Indicators such as soil nitrate and ammonium nitrogen content,fruit yield,and quality were measured to compare the effects of different ni-trogen application methods.[Results]At 90 days after tomato planting,the T4 treatment reduced soil nitrate and ammonium ni-trogen content while increasing organic matter content in the 0~60 cm soil layer.The average membership function value of soil nutrients in the T4 treatment was 0.763,the highest among all treatments.T4 treatment also achieved the highest yield of 11.52 kg/m^(2),which was not significantly different from T3 treatment but significantly higher than other treatments,showing a 31.64%increase compared to CK.Additionally,the T4 treatment significantly improved the soluble protein,soluble sugar,and reduced vitamin C content in tomato fruits by 32.63%,12.00%,and 10.33%,respectively,compared to CK.[Conclu-sion]The application of chelated polypeptide calcium-magnesium fertilizer replacing 30%of urea effectively increased tomato yield and quality,making it a viable approach for improving soil fertility and nutrient supply in greenhouse cultivation.

关 键 词：塑料大棚 番茄 螯合多肽钙镁肥 土壤养分 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S626.4[农业科学—园艺学]