对黄瓜专化型枯萎病拮抗菌株的筛选与鉴定  

Screening and identification of antagonistic strains against cucumber Fusarium wilt

作　　者：管利 苏洁文 彭晨 孙星 方泽民[1] Guan Li;Su Jiewen;Peng Chen;Sun Xing;Fang Zemin(School of Life Sciences,Anhui University,Hefei 230601,China;School of Biology and Food Engineering,Chuzhou University,Chuzhou 239000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学生命科学学院,安徽合肥230601 [2]滁州学院生物与食品工程学院,安徽滁州239000

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期60-70,共11页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：安徽省科技厅自然科学基金面上项目(2108085MC87)。

摘　　要：[目的]筛选出对黄瓜枯萎病具有拮抗作用的细菌。[方法]从黄海海域的海泥中筛选出一株能抑制尖孢镰孢黄瓜专化型枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum)的拮抗菌株,经形态学观察和分子生物鉴定菌株H5-9Z为短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus),并对其作为黄瓜枯萎病生防菌的潜力进行了研究。[结果]拮抗菌株H5-9Z抑菌效果最好,其发酵菌液抑菌率为82.67%,无菌滤液抑菌率为77.87%,抑菌效果明显。胞外活性物质在紫外线和金属离子的条件下抑菌直径均无明显改变;pH在5.0、7.0、9.0、11.0都有较好的抑菌活性,当pH越靠近中性条件下抑菌效果越好;当温度高于70℃时失去抑菌活性,表明该菌株不耐高温。盆栽试验结果表明,菌株H5-9Z的发酵液对黄瓜枯萎病有一定的拮抗作用(57.65%)。探究发现菌株H5-9Z的主要抑菌化合物分子质量范围在33~95 kDa之间。[结论]分离得到的短小芽孢杆菌H5-9Z具有作为生物防治剂的潜力,可以用于黄瓜枯萎病生物防治方面的研究。[Objective]This study was aimed to screen the bacterial strains with antagonistic effects against cucumber Fusarium wilt.[Methods]A strain capable of inhibiting F.oxysporum,the pathogen causing cucumber Fusarium wilt,was isolated from sea mud in the Yellow Sea.The strain H5-9Z was identified as Bacillus pumilus through morphological observation and molec-ular biology.The potential of this strain as a biocontrol agent against cucumber Fusarium wilt was further investigated.[Re-sults]The antagonistic strain H5-9Z exhibited the best inhibitory effect,with an inhibition rate of 82.67%for its fermentation broth and 77.87%for its sterile filtrate,demonstrating significant antifungal activity.The extracellular active substances showed no significant change in inhibition diameter under UV light or in the presence of metal ions;The strain maintained good antibacterial activity at pH levels of 5.0,7.0,9.0,and 11.0,with optimal inhibition observed under neutral pH conditions.However,the strain lost its inhibitory activity at temperatures above 70℃,indicating its sensitivity to high temperatures.The results of pot experiment showed that the fermentation broth of strain H5-9Z exhibited a certain level of antagonistic activity against cucumber Fusarium wilt(57.65%).Further investigation identified that the molecular weight range of the main anti-bacterial compounds produced by strain H5-9Z was between 33 and 95 kDa.[Conclusion]The isolated B.pumilus H5-9Z dem-onstrated potential as a biocontrol agent and can be further explored for its application in the biological control of cucumber Fu-sarium wilt.

关 键 词：拮抗菌 黄瓜枯萎病菌 分离鉴定 生物活性 生物防治 

分 类 号：Q93[生物学—微生物学]