蚯蚓粪与椰糠混合基质对黄瓜育苗性能的评价  

Evaluation of cucumber seedling performance in mixed substrates of vermicompost and coconut coir

作　　者：吴奕琪 张韦柏 张琬雪 刘铮 池华聚 杨文佳 刘欣宇 Wu Yiqi;Zhang Weibo;Zhang Wanxue;Liu Zheng;Chi Huaju;Yang Wenjia;Liu Xinyu(Organic Recycling Research Institute(Suzhou)of China Agricultural University,Suzhou 215100,China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;College of Economics,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics,Chengdu 611130,China;Institute of Rural Economics,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110161,China;College of Economics and Management,Xinjiang Institute of Technology,Aksu 843100,China;Shangliao Modern Agricultural Development Co.,Ltd.,Suzhou 215335,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学有机循环研究院(苏州),江苏苏州215100 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100083 [3]西南财经大学经济学院,四川成都611130 [4]辽宁省农业科学院农村经济研究所,辽宁沈阳110161 [5]新疆理工学院“两山”理论与南疆高质量绿色发展研究中心,新疆阿克苏843100 [6]苏州市上辽现代农业发展有限公司,江苏苏州215335

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期80-89,共10页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32071552);住房和城乡建设部科技示范项目(S20220395);江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项(BM2022006);新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研基本业务费科研项目(XJEDU2024J135)。

摘　　要：[目的]良好的育苗基质对于秧苗质量具有重要的意义,椰糠由于其出色的物理性质在育苗基质的生产中被广泛应用,但椰糠自身养分较难满足作物幼苗生长需求,往往需要利用外源物质对其进行养分补充。蚯蚓粪蕴含充足的养分,而且具备丰富的毛细结构及良好的透气保水性,探索椰糠复配蚯蚓粪所形成的基质对黄瓜的育苗效果,有助于提升椰糠在育苗基质中的应用程度。[方法]将蚯蚓粪与椰糠按照不同的体积梯度配制育苗基质,分别设计100%椰糠(CK)、20%蚯蚓粪+80%椰糠(T1)、40%蚯蚓粪+60%椰糠(T2)、60%蚯蚓粪+40%椰糠(T3)、80%蚯蚓粪+20%椰糠(T4)和100%蚯蚓粪(T5)6个处理。通过分析各个处理对种子的萌发和幼苗生长情况的影响,并结合育苗基质的理化性质,综合判断蚯蚓粪与椰糠的最佳配比。[结果]T1~T5处理的种子根长和发芽指数均显著低于CK,但在添加蚯蚓粪的各处理组中,以T3的种子根长和发芽指数最高,而T1的最低。育苗基质的容重随着蚯蚓粪比例的增加而显著提升,T5处理的容重相较CK提高了4.5倍。同时,T1~T5处理的总孔隙度和通气孔隙度相对于CK处理显著下降,而持水孔隙度在蚯蚓粪高添加比例下有所上升。蚯蚓粪的添加显著增加了基质中速效养分的含量,T5处理的有效磷和速效钾含量显著高于CK处理,而有机质含量则随蚯蚓粪比例上升而降低。黄瓜幼苗的氮、磷、钾吸收量随蚯蚓粪比例增加而上升,以T5处理的养分吸收量最高。当蚯蚓粪体积占比达60%及以上时,幼苗的茎粗、叶面积、叶绿素含量和地上部鲜重均保持在较高水平。[结论]蚯蚓粪作为养分补充剂在椰糠基质中的应用明显提高了育苗效果。当蚯蚓粪体积占比在40%~80%时,可实现黄瓜幼苗良好的生长效果,且添加80%蚯蚓粪的T4处理促进效果最佳。[Objective]A high-quality seedling substrate is essential for seedling quality and crop yield.Coconut coir is widely used in seedling substrate production due to its excellent physical properties.However,coconut coir alone often lacks sufficient nutrients to meet the growth requirements of crop seedlings,necessitating the supplementation of external nutrient sources.Vermicompost is rich in nutrients and possesses a well-developed capillary structures,along with good aeration and water reten-tion properties.This study aimed to enhance the application of coconut coir in seedling substrates by investigating the effects of a mixed substrate of vermicompost and coir on cucumber seedling growth.[Methods]Vermicompost and coconut coir were mixed at different volume ratios to prepare seedling substrates.Six treatments were designed:100%coir(CK),20%vermi-compost+80%coir(T1),40%vermicompost+60%coir(T2),60%vermicompost+40%coir(T3),80%vermicom-post+20%coir(T4),and 100%vermicompost(T5).The effects of each treatment on seed germination and seedling growth were analyzed,and the physicochemical properties of the substrates were evaluated to determine the optimal ratio of ver-micompost and coconut coir.[Results]As the volume of vermicompost increased,the root length and germination index of seeds in T1~T5 treatments were significantly lower than those in CK.Among the vermicompost-added treatments,T3 showed the highest root length and germination index,while T1 showed the lowest.The bulk density of the substrate increased significantly with the proportion of vermicompost ratios,with T5 showing a 4.5-fold increase compared to CK.Meanwhile,the total porosity and aeration porosity of T1~T5 decreased significantly relative to CK,while the water-holding porosity in-creased with higher vermicompost ratios.The addition of vermicompost significantly increased the content of available nutrients in the substrate.The available phosphorus and potassium levels in T5 were significantly higher than in CK,while the organic matter content decreased

关 键 词：蚯蚓粪 椰糠 黄瓜 种子萌发 幼苗生长 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]