作为立场不一致的最小确认标记“嗯”  

Minimal Acknowledgement Token‘en'as a Device for Disaffiliation

作　　者：孙康 Paul Drew 

机构地区：[1]英国约克大学语言科学及语言系 [2]中国海洋大学 [3]英国约克大学

出　　处：《外国语文研究(辑刊)》2024年第3期3-20,共18页

摘　　要：本研究采用会话分析的研究方法,以自然情境下发生的汉语日常言语交际为语料,对汉语口语语气词“嗯”进行分析,探讨了其作为表达立场不一致的最小确认标记的会话常规。“嗯”由于具有表达确认的语义,往往被认为表达立场一致。但本研究发现,“嗯”作为一种最小确认标记,能够表示一种几乎被动的接受,在如下三种情况下使得交际者能够较为含蓄地表达立场的不一致,分别是:(1)作为选择性不完全回应;(2)作为不匹配回应;(3)作为匹配回应。本研究指出,“嗯”作为一种微妙的语言单位,在交际中能够投射出说话人的立场不一致,增加了对话的复杂性和偶然性。同时,研究还从会话分析的角度解释了立场不一致在对话中的体现方式,强调了语言交际中的互动关系和社会动态。This research applied the method of conversation analysis(CA)to analyze the particle“en(嗯)”in ordinary mandarin Chinese conversation.The minimal acknowledgement token“en”is a conversational practice which can indicate the speaker's disaffiliation.Disaffiliation refers to a situation where two adjacently occurring actions do not support(align or agree with)each other;however,previous research has often regarded“en”as an expression of agreement due to its semantic meaning of confirmation.However,this study demonstrates that“en”,as a minimal acknowledgement token,can display almost passive recipiency,enabling speakers to express their disaffiliative stance implicitly in three situations:(1)as a selectively incomplete response,(2)as a non-fitted response,and(3)as a fitted response.As a subtle linguistic unit,“en"can project a speaker's disaffiliative stance in communication,thereby increasing the complexity and contingency of the conversation.This study reveals some ways in which disaffiliation is manifested in mandarin Chinese conversations from the perspective of CA which emphasizes the interactional and social dynamics in communication.

关 键 词：会话分析 语气词 立场不一致 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]