回答话轮末尾语气词“么(嘛)”的会话分析解读  

A Conversation Analytic Approach to the Particle“me(ma)”at the Turnfinal Position of Answers

作　　者：吴亚欣 刘晓佳 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学 [2]山西国际商务职业学院

出　　处：《外国语文研究(辑刊)》2024年第3期36-54,共19页

摘　　要：本研究以语气词“么(嘛)”为研究对象,以自然发生的真实电话谈话为语料,运用会话分析研究方法考察了位于“问题—回答”序列中回答话轮/TCU末尾的语气词“么(嘛)”执行的辅助行为。对大量语料的细致观察分析发现,当问题的答案在当前会话中询问话轮之前的序列中刚出现过、在交际双方以前的交流中提及过或从交际双方相处的经历中可以推理获得时,“么(嘛)”被用来提示询问者应该知道问题的答案,并附带表达对询问者应知而未知问题答案的不满、抱怨、指责等负面情感;当询问者与被询问者之间的确存在知识或信息的不对称时,“么(嘛)”则是用来表达被询问者对问题答案不满意的情感状态。询问者对问题答案的知识状态和回答行为的话轮设计是执行和识解上述两种不同辅助行为的共同参照指标。本研究的发现对汉语作为外语的教与学以及对外汉语教材的编写具有指导意义。Using naturally occurring telephone-conversation as its data source and conversation analysis as its research method,the present study investigates the subsidiary actions performed by the Chinese particle“me(ma)”located at the turn/TCU-final position of answers in question-answer sequence.Close observation and detailed analyses of the data reveal that the particle“me(ma)”in this specific sequential position performs the following two subsidiary actions.It hints to the questioner that he/she should have known the answer to his/her own question when the answer to the question has just been mentioned in the sequences prior to the question in the current conversation,or had been talked about in the past communication between the questioner and the answerer,or can be inferred from their mutual or shared experiences;when there does exist epistemic asymmetry between the questioner and the answerer,the use of“me(ma)”indexes the answerer's affective stance of being unsatisfied with the answer.The questioner's epistemic status concerning the answer to the question and the design of the answer turn are the proxies referred to by the answerer and the questioner in performing and ascribing the subsidiary actions enacted by the particle“me(ma)”.The findings of the present research have practical significance in teaching and learning Chinese as a foreign language and in compiling textbooks of Chinese language for overseas students.

关 键 词：语气词“么(嘛)” 会话分析 问题—回答序列 话轮末尾 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]