γ-氨基丁酸在卵巢颗粒细胞上的研究进展  

Research progress in the GABA on Ovarian Granulosa Cells

作　　者：石胜琦 刘芮兵 袁欢 张彧丽 褚瑰燕[1] 蔡传江[1] SHI Shengqi;LIU Ruibing;YUAN Huan;ZHANG Yuli;CHU Guiyan;CAI Chuanjiang(College of Animal Science and Technology,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学动物科技学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2025年第3期1-8,共8页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32472936)。

摘　　要：γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyricacid,GABA)是一种重要的小分子非蛋白质氨基酸,作为一种重要的神经递质,在促进动物生长、调节食欲、抗应激等方面有着重要的作用,同样在调节卵巢颗粒细胞功能(granulosa cells,GCs)方面也有着重要的意义。颗粒细胞是雌性动物卵巢中主要的体细胞群,颗粒细胞中类固醇激素的合成、自身的增殖和凋亡等生理功能影响卵泡的生长发育及闭锁。研究发现,在卵巢颗粒细胞上存在着γ-氨基丁酸的亲和力结合位点,可以利用γ-氨基丁酸受体直接参与卵巢颗粒细胞合成雌激素和孕酮等。同时,γ-氨基丁酸与受体结合后也可以利用下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴(hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian,HPO)和腺苷酸环化酶-cAMP系统间接调控卵巢颗粒细胞。本综述旨在展现GABA研究历程和现有进展,讨论其对卵巢颗粒细胞的具体作用与可能的调控机制,并思索未来研究方向,以期为γ-氨基丁酸对动物繁殖调控的深入研究提供理论依据。Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)is an important small molecule non-protein amino acid that serves as a vital neurotransmitter.It plays a significant role in promoting animal growth,regulating appetite and providing stress resistance.Additionally,GABA has been found to be essential in modulating the functions of ovarian granulosa cells(GCs).Granulosa cells are the primary somatic cell population in the ovaries of female animals,and their physiological functions,such as the synthesis of steroid hormones,proliferation,and apoptosis,affect follicular growth and atresia.Research has demonstrated the presence of GABA binding affinity sites on ovarian granulosa cells,indicating that GABA can directly participate in the synthesis of estrogen and progesterone through its receptors.Furthermore,upon binding to its receptors,GABA may also indirectly regulate ovarian granulosa cells via the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian(HPO)axis and the adenylate cyclase-cAMP signaling pathway.This review aims to present the research history and current advancements related to GABA and discuss the specific effects of GABA on ovarian granulosa cells and the potential regulatory mechanisms involved,as well as contemplate future research directions.The goal is to provide a theoretical basis for the in-depth study of GABA's role in the regulation of animal reproduction.

关 键 词：Γ-氨基丁酸 卵巢颗粒细胞 Γ-氨基丁酸受体 雌激素 繁殖调控 

分 类 号：S814.1[农业科学—畜牧学]