不同饲养模式对南江黄羊瘤胃菌群及酶活性的影响  

Effect of Different Feeding Methods on Rumen Microbiota and Enzyme Activity in Nanjiang Yellow Goat

作　　者：潘城 李海雁 张小明 张贞贞 陈瑜 朱江江 赵旺生[1] PAN Cheng;LI Haiyan;ZHANG Xiaoming;ZHANG Zhenzhen;CHEN Yu;ZHU Jiangjiang;ZHAO Wangsheng(College of Life Sciences and Engineering,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang,Sichuan 621000;Sichuan Nanjiang Yellow Goat Original Species Breeding Farm,Nanjiang,Sichuan 636600;Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Genetic Resources on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau/Southwest University for Nationalities,Chengdu,Sichuan 610225,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学生命科学与工程学院,四川绵阳621000 [2]四川南江黄羊原种场,四川南江636600 [3]青藏高原动物遗传资源保护与利用四川省重点实验室/西南民族大学,成都610225

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2025年第3期50-58,共9页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：浙江省科技计划项目(2022C04017)。

摘　　要：试验旨在研究不同饲喂模式对南江黄羊瘤胃酶活性以及瘤胃菌群组成与多样性的影响,选取3月龄、体况良好、体重相近的南江黄羊32头,随机分为放牧组和舍饲组,每组16头。放牧组只进行自然放牧,舍饲组采取全混合日粮的饲喂,试验预试期7 d,正试期60 d。试验结束后采集南江黄羊的瘤胃液进行瘤胃菌群16S rRNA的高通量测序和酶活性测定,并利用PICRUSt软件预测南江黄羊瘤胃微生物菌群的代谢功能。结果发现,舍饲组的南江黄羊瘤胃α-淀粉酶和胃蛋白酶的活性极显著高于放牧组(P<0.01),但其纤维素酶活性极显著低于放牧组(P<0.01);舍饲组和放牧组瘤胃微生物菌群α多样性没有显著差异,而β多样性存在显著差异(P<0.01);放牧组的南江黄羊瘤胃菌群中变形菌门(Patescibacteria)和脱硫杆菌门(Desulfobacterota)的相对丰度显著高于舍饲组(P<0.05);放牧组南江黄羊瘤胃菌群中丁酸弧菌属(Butyrivibrio)的相对丰度极显著高于舍饲组(P<0.01),月形单胞菌属(Selenomonas)的相对丰度显著高于舍饲组(P<0.05),但瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)和普雷沃氏菌UCG-003(Prevotellaceae_UCG-003)的相对丰度显著低于舍饲组(P<0.05);在KEGG2水平下检测到碳水化合物代谢(Carbohydrate Metabolism)是瘤胃菌群最丰富的途径,在KEGG3水平,发现与代谢相关富集的途径主要有硒化合物代谢(Selenocompound metabolism)、能量代谢(Energy metabolism)和辅因子和维生素代谢(Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins)等;通过斯皮尔曼相关性研究南江黄羊瘤胃酶活性与菌属水平的丰度关系,发现α-淀粉酶与瘤胃球菌属呈显著正相关(P<0.05),而与普雷沃氏菌_UCG-001(Prevotellaceae_UCG001)成极显著负相关(P<0.01),纤维素酶活性与丁酸弧菌属呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)等。综上所述,不同饲养模式对南江黄羊瘤胃菌群结构和酶活性具有一定影响,且瘤胃酶活性的变化与瘤胃菌群相关。This experiment was conducted to study the effect of differenct feeding methods on rumen emzyme activity,rumen microbiota composition and dirersity of Nanjing Yellow goat.Thirty-two three months old Nanjiang Yellow goats with good body condition and similar body weight were randomly divided into grazing group and housing group,with 16 goats in each group.The grazing group was allowed to graze naturally,while the housing group was fed a complete mixed ration.The trial consisted of a 7-day pre-test period and a 60-day experimental test.At the end of the test,rumen fluid was collected for high-throughput sequencing of rumen microbiota 16S rRNA and enzyme activity determination.The PICRUSt software was used to predict the metabolic functions of rumen microbiota in Nanjiang Yellow goats.The results showed that the activity of rumenα-amylase and pepsin in the housing group was significantly higher than that in the grazing group(P<0.01),while cellulase activity was significantly lower(P<0.01).There was no significant difference inα-diversity of rumen microbiota between the housing and the grazing group,but there was a significant difference inβ-diversity(P<0.01).At the phylum level,the relative abundance of Patescibacteria and Desulfobacterota in the rumen microbiota of the grazing group was significantly higher than that in the housing group(P<0.05);at the genus level,the relative abundance of Butyrivibrio in the rumen microbiota of the grazing group was significantly higher than that in the housing group(P<0.01),while the relative abundance of Selenomonas was significantly higher(P<0.05),however,the relative abundance of Ruminococcus and Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 was significantly lower(P<0.05)than that in the housing group.At the KEGG2 level,carbohydrate metabolism was detected to be the most abundant metabolism-related pathway,and at the KEGG3 level,it was found that the metabolism-related enrichment pathways were mainly Selenocompound metabolism,Energy metabolism,and Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins.Spearman co

关 键 词：南江黄羊 饲养模式 瘤胃菌群 酶活性 

分 类 号：S826.1[农业科学—畜牧学]