种植宽叶雀稗对放养河田鸡后土壤微生物多样性及理化性状的影响  

Effects of Planting Paspalum wettsteinii under Forest on the Soil Physicochemical Properties and Microbial Diversity

作　　者：高承芳[1] 李振武[2] 应朝阳[2] GAO Chengfang;LI Zhenwu;YING Zhaoyang(Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou,Fujian 350013;Agricultural Ecology Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Hilly Prataculture,Fuzhou,Fujian 350013,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所,福建福州350013 [2]福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所/农业农村部福州农业环境科学观测实验站/福建省山地草业工程技术研究中心,福建福州350013

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2025年第3期83-90,共8页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22);福建省农业高质量发展超越“5511”协同创新工程项目(XTCXGC2021010);福建省农业科学院科技创新团队建设项目(CXTD2021015-2)。

摘　　要：针对传统林下放牧养殖河田鸡对土壤、植被破坏等问题,本文采用常规理化性状测定方法结合16S rDNA高通量测序技术,研究林下种植宽叶雀稗(Paspalum wettsteinii H.)当年对0~20 cm土壤理化性状、土壤微生物细菌群落组成及土壤微生物多样性的影响,分析种植宽叶雀稗后对林地放牧河田鸡后的土壤改良效果。结果显示,林地种植宽叶雀稗一季后,土壤有机质、全氮、硝态氮、铵态氮、速效磷、速效钾含量分别比对照组提高12.4%、57.8%、63.9%、47.1%、25.8%和23.7%,土壤铅含量比对照组降低50.66%,土壤细菌微生物多样性及丰富度也显著高于对照组,Chao1指数平均比对照组高59.2%,Shannon指数平均高10.7%,达极显著水平(P<0.01)。林下种植宽叶雀稗降低了土壤变形菌门和绿弯菌门的含量,增加了酸杆菌门含量,并以酸杆菌门为优势菌群,而对照组中放线菌门为优势菌群。林下种植宽叶雀稗当年可显著提高土壤有机质、全氮、硝态氮、铵态氮、速效磷与速效钾含量,降低土壤重金属铅含量,改善土壤微生物多样性,增加土壤酸杆菌门的相对丰度,对传统养殖河田鸡林地土壤生态具有很好的改良修复效果。s:Traditional free-range breeding of Hedian chicken in an under-forest pattern often leads to soil degradation and vegetation destruction.This study investigated the effects of planting Paspalum wettsteinii H.under the forest on soil physicochemical properties,soil microbial bacterial community composition,and soil microbial diversity within the 0~20 cm soil layer.It also analyzed the soil improvement effects of this practice on forest land used for free-range Hedian chicken breeding.The results showed that after one season of planting Paspalum wettsteinii H,soil organic matter,total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium contents increased by 12.4%,57.8%,63.9%,47.1%,25.8%,and 23.7%,respectively,compared to the control group.Soil lead content decreased by 50.66%compared to the control group.The soil bacterial microbial diversity and richness were significantly higher than those of the control group,with the Chao1 index being 59.2%higher on average and the Shannon index being 10.7%higher on average,both reaching a highly significant level(P<0.01).Planting Paspalum wettsteinii H.under the forest reduced the abundance of Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi phyla while increasing the abundance of Acidobacteria phylum,making it the dominant bacterial phylum,whereas Actinobacteria was the dominant phylum in the control group.Planting Paspalum wettsteinii H.under the forest for one year can significantly enhance soil organic matter,total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium contents.It also reduces soil heavy metal lead content,improves soil microbial diversity,and increases the relative abundance of Acidobacteria phylum,demonstrating a good soil improvement and restoration effect on forest land used for traditional Hedian chicken breeding.

关 键 词：林下种草 宽叶雀稗 土壤理化性状 土壤微生物 

分 类 号：S811.5[农业科学—畜牧学] S543[农业科学—畜牧兽医]