黑土高效解磷菌的筛选及其对玉米的促生效果  

Screening of efficient phosphate-solubilizing bacteria capable of promoting maize growth from black soil

作　　者：李畅 刘锐 于运凯[3] 王立达[3] 季春丽 郑艳宁 LI Chang;LIU Rui;YU Yunkai;WANG Lida;JI Chunli;ZHENG Yanning(Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy,College of Agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030801,Shanxi,China;State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources,Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiqihar 161006,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院分子农业与生物能源研究所,山西晋中030801 [2]中国科学院微生物研究所微生物资源前期开发国家重点实验室,北京100101 [3]黑龙江省农业科学院齐齐哈尔分院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006

出　　处：《微生物学通报》2025年第3期1101-1117,共17页Microbiology China

基　　金：中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项(XDA28030201)。

摘　　要：【背景】磷是作物生长的必需营养元素之一,土壤缺磷会导致玉米等作物产量的降低。解磷菌可以将土壤中难溶性无机磷或有机磷转化为易于作物吸收的可溶性磷,因此有助于改善土壤质量并进而促进作物生长。【目的】从东北黑土土壤中筛选获得高效解磷菌,在改善黑土土壤质量的基础上促进玉米生长,从而为开发适用于东北黑土环境的微生物菌剂提供优良的菌种资源。【方法】利用微生物分离培养和功能表征技术,对筛选获得的黑土微生物菌株进行解磷和吲哚-3-乙酸分泌能力的测定,并通过玉米盆栽试验和土壤理化性质分析,评价解磷菌对土壤质量和玉米生长的影响。【结果】从我国东北黑土土壤中筛选获得16株解磷菌,将其中的葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus sp.)GL-HT-43和肠杆菌(Enterobacter sp.)W-H-13等高效解磷菌施加到栽有玉米的黑土中,玉米的株高、生物量和叶绿素含量均有了显著的提高。此外,黑土土壤的无机碳、有机碳、有机质及全磷含量也有了明显的增加,表明高效解磷菌GL-HT-43和W-H-13具有良好的促进玉米生长和提升黑土土壤肥力效果。【结论】黑土高效解磷菌能够有效促进玉米生长,改善黑土土壤质量,展现了良好的解磷微生物菌剂开发潜力。[Background]Phosphorus is one of the essential nutrients for crop growth,and phosphorus deficiency in soil can reduce the yields of crops such as maize.Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria can convert insoluble inorganic or organic phosphorus in the soil into soluble phosphorus,which is easily absorbed by crops.This process helps improve soil quality and subsequently promote crop growth.[Objective]To isolate and identify efficient phosphate-solubilizing bacteria from the black soil in northeast China,enhance soil quality,and promote maize growth,providing elite microbial strains for the development of microbial inoculants suited to the black soil environment in northeast China.[Methods]The culture method was employed to isolate microbial strains,and then the phosphate-solubilizing ability and indole-3-acetic acid secretion ability of the isolates screened out were characterized.The effects of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on soil quality were studied based on the physicochemical properties of soil.Furthermore,pot experiments were carried out to study the effects of the strains on maize growth.[Results]A total of 16 phosphate-solubilizing bacterial strains were isolated from the black soil in northeast China.Among them,Staphylococcus sp.GL-HT-43 and Enterobacter sp.W-H-13 were applied to the black soil planted with maize,which significantly increased maize plant height,biomass,and chlorophyll content.Additionally,the two strains notably increased the levels of inorganic carbon,organic carbon,organic matter,and total phosphorus in the black soil.These results suggested that GL-HT-43 and W-H-13 had advantages in reducing fertilizer dependency,promoting maize growth,and enhancing the fertility of black soil.[Conclusion]The efficient phosphate-solubilizing bacterial strains GL-HT-43 and W-H-13 promote maize growth and improve the quality of black soil.These strains demonstrate great potential for the development of phosphate-solubilizing microbial inoculants.

关 键 词：黑土 解磷菌 玉米促生 土壤改良 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S154.3