一种根腐类病害防病促生复合微生物菌系的优化及其效应  

Optimization and application of a bacterial consortium for preventing root rot and promoting plant growth

作　　者：李建军[1] 许世洋 马佳勇 漆永红[1] 李雪萍[1] LI Jianjun;XU Shiyang;MA Jiayong;QI Yonghong;LI Xueping(Institute of Plant Protection,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [2]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《微生物学通报》2025年第3期1118-1133,共16页Microbiology China

基　　金：甘肃省农业科学院重点研发计划(2022GAAS47,2023GAAS22);国家自然科学基金(32060037)。

摘　　要：【背景】根腐类病害成因复杂,防治困难。复合微生物菌系功能性强,结构稳定,适用于根腐类病害绿色防控。【目的】优化复合微生物菌系的配比,研究其防病促生效应,为其大规模生产应用奠定基础。【方法】以前期筛选得到的优良复合菌系为基础,采用正交试验设计其配比,通过Topsis综合分析各处理的抑菌、溶磷、固氮、解钾等功能,得到最优复合菌系配比。通过室内盆栽及田间试验测定对作物根腐类病害的防效、对作物生长的影响及根际土壤营养成分的变化,明确优化后复合菌系的防病促生效应。【结果】菌株SYP006:SYP033:SYP092:SYP202:SYP400配比为4:2:3:1:4时复合菌系的综合功能最佳,命名为‘土微微4号’。室内盆栽对番茄根腐病的防效为48.9%,对辣椒根腐病的防效为60.9%,同时番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)、辣椒(Capsicum annuum)的株高、茎粗及鲜重显著增加(P<0.05),根际土壤pH降低、盐含量降低,碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾等养分含量增加,细菌及放线菌数量增加,真菌数量降低。田间应用对辣椒根腐病的防效为47.94%,增产率为7.65%;对百合枯萎病的防效为63.43%,同时百合株高显著增加(P<0.05);对枸杞根腐病的防效为56.11%,枸杞(Lycium barbarum)产量增加119.99%;最佳用量均为10 L/667 m^(2)。【结论】复合菌系‘土微微4号’有良好的防治根腐类病害、促进作物生长、改良土壤养分、调节土壤微生态的作用。[Background]Multifaceted factors contribute to the occurrence of root rot,posing challenges to the management of the disease.Bacterial consortia characterized by robust functionality and structural integrity emerge as viable candidates for the sustainable management of root rot.[Objective]To optimize the proportions of strains in the bacterial consortium and elucidate its disease-preventing and plant growth-promoting effects,thus establishing a foundation of the large-scale application of the bacterial consortium in agricultural practice.[Methods]We employed orthogonal design to optimize the structure of the bacterial consortium that had been obtained.The Topsis comprehensive analysis was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effects on pathogens and the phosphorus-solubilizing,nitrogen-fixing,and potassium-solubilizing capabilities of each treatment,on the basis of which the optimal composition of the bacterial consortium was obtained.Furthermore,indoor pot experiments and field trials were conducted to assess the performance of the optimized consortium in preventing root rot and promoting plant growth,and the changes in nutrient content of rhizosphere soil were measured.[Results]The optimal bacterial consortium,designated as‘Tuweiwei No.4’(SYP006:SYP033:SYP092:SYP202:SYP400=4:2:3:1:4),demonstrated significant control effect on root rot in Solanum lycopersicum and Capsicum annuum,with inhibition rates of 48.9% and 60.9%,respectively.Additionally,greenhouse pot experiments revealed that the plant height,stem diameter,and fresh weight of S.lycopersicum and C.annuum plants treated with the bacterial consortium increased(P<0.05).Meanwhile,the treatment with the bacterial consortium reduced the pH and salt content and increased the available nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium in rhizosphere soil.Moreover,the treatment increased bacteria and actinomycetes and decreased fungi in the rhizosphere soil.The application of the consortium in the field exhibited the control efficacy of 47.94% on root rot

关 键 词：防病促生 复合菌系 辣椒根腐病 百合枯萎病 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]