图灵测试视阈下的生成式人工智能  

Generative Artificial Intelligence in Turing Testing Perspective

作　　者：柳海涛 LIU Hai-tao(School of Marxism,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学马克思主义学院,上海200240

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2025年第2期81-87,共7页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“数字化时代背景下身心问题研究”(22BZX022)。

摘　　要：图灵测试蕴含着智能的非身体化和人是识别智能的终极裁判。智能的非身体化以计算主义为支撑,它把智能约简为计算;由人来判定计算机的智能是以人类智能为参照。这潜在地包含着一种张力:一方面人工智能以非身体主义为前提,另一方面在判定智能水平的时候又使非身体化的人工智能寄生于人类的身体化智能。对智能的理解可从两种方式入手:计算主义和身体主义。前者表现为以符号计算为手段赋予一个对象以智能实体地位;后者以身体作为真正智能的必要条件。当前的生成式人工智能本质上是基于大数据的多层参数化转换,它是对人类意识的经验性模拟,而非原理性呈现,它和传统的人工智能一样是通过符号算法结构建造并定义的智能。未来生成式人工智能的发展应当在算法技术和哲学批判的综合框架下,探索以语言为中心的大模型智能体与人类进行可信赖的互动应当具备什么样的要素。The Turing Test implies the non-embodied nature of intelligence and the idea that humans are the ultimate judges of intelligence.The non-embodied nature of intelligence is supported by computationalism,which reduces intelligence to computation.Judging a computer's intelligence by humans is based on human intelligence.This potentially contains a tension:on the one hand,artificial intelligence is premised on non-bodyism,while on the other hand,in judging the level of intelligence,non-embodied artificial intelligence is parasitic on human embodied intelligence.Understanding intelligence can be approached from two perspectives:computationalism and bodyism.The former presents symbolic computation as a means of endowing an object with an intelligent entity status,while the latter regards the body as a necessary condition for true intelligence.Current generative artificial intelligence is fundamentally a multi-layer parameterized transformation based on big data,which is an empirical simulation of human consciousness rather than a principled presentation.It is defined and constructed through symbolic algorithmic structures like traditional artificial intelligence.The future development of generative artificial intelligence should be explored within a framework that integrates algorithmic technology and philosophical critique,to investigate what elements an intelligent entity interacting with humans should possess centered on language.

关 键 词：图灵测试 符号计算 人工智能 意识 语言 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]