从商代战俘处置看帝辛自焚——兼论环玉原因  

Understanding the Self-immolation of King Dixin from the POW Treatment in Shang Dynasty and the Reasons for Wearing Jade

作　　者：朱凯港 Zhu Kaigang

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《军事历史》2024年第6期110-117,M0004,共9页Military History

摘　　要：帝辛于牧野之战败后环玉自焚,历来有多种解释。从商代社会现实出发,环玉与自焚应各有原因。自焚与商周之间数代仇恨和商人残酷对待战俘有关,商人俘虏敌人后,或将其奴役,或将其献祭,在献祭敌方首领后会在其头骨之上刻辞或将头骨制成器具,在此背景下,帝辛只得选择自焚毁尸,希冀大火带走自己的躯体。环玉则与商代玉殓葬有关,商代贵族实行玉殓葬,希望借助玉器实现某种巫术愿望。In Accordance with the social conditions of the Shang Dynasty,there must be some reasons for the self-immolation of King Dixin with jade surrounded.Self-immolation was related to the hatred between Shang and Zhou dynasties for generations and the cruel treatment of prisoners of war by the Shang people.After taking captives,they either enslaved them or sacrificed them.After human sacrifice,they would carve scripts on or make utensils of the skulls of enemy leaders.Against this custom,King Dixin had the only option of self-immolation,hoping his remains burnt away.Wearing jade was related to the burial tradition of nobles in Shang dynasty who were expected to achieve some mystic wishes through jade wares.

关 键 词：商代 战俘 帝辛 环玉自焚 玉殓葬 

分 类 号：K871.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K87[历史地理—历史学]