学科交叉视域下中美两国学者学科交叉性测度与对比分析——以Scopus数据库为例  

Measurement and Comparative Analysis of Chinese and American Scholars Interdisciplinarity from the Perspective of Interdisciplinarity:A Case Study of Scopus Database

作　　者：霍朝光 王晓玉 但婷婷 梁国强 祝振媛 Huo Chaoguang;Wang Xiaoyu;Dan Tingting;Liang Guoqiang;Zhu Zhenyuan(School of Information Resource Management,Renmin University of China,Beijing,100872;Digital Humanities Research Institute,Renmin University of China,Beijing,100872;School of Economics and Management,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing,100124)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学信息资源管理学院,北京100872 [2]中国人民大学数字人文研究院,北京100872 [3]北京工业大学经济与管理学院,北京100124

出　　处：《情报资料工作》2025年第2期91-102,共12页Information and Documentation Services

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“基于图机器学习的学科交叉主题识别与预测研究”(批准号:72374202);国家自然科学基金青年项目“基于广度学习的学科主题演化预测研究”(批准号:72004221)的研究成果之一。

摘　　要：[目的/意义]学科交叉在重大科学创新发现方面发挥着重要的作用,测度学者学科交叉性、探索学者学科交叉规律,尤其是对比我国和美国各个学科学者的交叉差异,对于我国开展学科交叉研究和管理具有重要意义。[方法/过程]文章强调从学科交叉角度入手,即不强制将学者归为某一学科,不去界定其所跨学科,仅考虑其所涉学科,构建学者学科交叉丰富度、学者学科交叉均衡度、学者学科交叉专业度三个测度指标,以Scopus数据库中的中美两国学者近10年发表的科学论文为例,分别提取得到437万位中国学者和286万位美国学者的科研产出,对两国学者近十年在一级学科层面上的交叉情况进行测度和动态分析。[结果/结论]总体而言,中国学者在一级学科交叉丰富度和均衡度方面表现优于美国学者,尤其在核心和顶尖学者群体中更为明显;由于中国学科与美国部分学科处于不同发展阶段,中国学者在一级学科交叉研究上表现出更广泛的参与积极性和融合能力,美国学者则显示出更强的专业度和一定的交叉惰性。此外,不同一级学科领域的学者在学科交叉研究上存在显著差异,在社会科学和医学领域中国学者相比美国学者更倾向多学科交叉,但在计算机科学以及化学、材料学等工科领域美国学者相比中国所涉学科更丰富。[Purpose/significance]Interdisciplinarity plays an important role in the discovery of significant scientific innovations.Exploring the patterns of scholarly interdisciplinarity,especially comparing the differences among schol⁃ars of various disciplines between China and America,holds substantial reference value for the advancement of interdis⁃ciplinary research and management in China.[Method/process]This paper does not forcibly classify scholars into a specific discipline,but only considers the disciplines they are involved in.Taking the scientific paper data of Chinese and American scholars in Scopus database as an example,it constructs three measurement indexes of variety of scholar interdisciplinarity,balance of scholar interdisciplinarity and specialization index.This paper then respectively extracts the scientific research outputs of 4.37 million Chinese scholars and 2.86 million American scholars,and measures and dynamically analyzes the scholar′s interdisciplinarity of the two countries over the past decade.[Result/conclusion]The study shows that:(1)overall,Chinese scholars outperform American scholars in terms of variety and balance of scholar interdisciplinarity,especially in the core and top scholar groups;(2)Chinese disciplinary fields are generally in the stage of rapid development,whereas most of them are in the stage of stabilization in America,which makes Chinese scholars show wider participation and integration in interdisciplinary research,whereas American scholars show a heightened degree of specialization;(3)moreover,there are significant differences among scholars in various disci⁃plines when it comes to interdisciplinary research.In the fields of social sciences and medicine,Chinese scholars tend to engage more in interdisciplinary collaboration compared to their American counterparts.However,in engineering fields such as computer science,chemistry,and materials science,American scholars are involved in a wider range of disciplines.The research results provide valuable insights for g

关 键 词：学科交叉测度 学者学科交叉 中美学科交叉差异 

分 类 号：G250[文化科学—图书馆学] G250.252